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121.
Coelho RW De Campos W Da Silva SG Okazaki FH Keller B 《Perceptual and motor skills》2007,105(2):458-468
To assess use of imagery intervention in performance of two tennis motor skills the quasi-experimental design included a pre- and posttest and a control group. The tennis service shot and service receiving skill were selected as representative of open and closed skills, respectively. 48 subjects, male tennis players, whose ages ranged from 16 to 18 yr. (M = 17.2), were divided into two groups: (1) Technical practice only which was used as control group and (2) Imagery group who received both imagery and technical practice. Analysis of covariance showed a significant main effect for the imagery intervention on the closed skill (p = .002). Findings suggest that imaging a positive outcome may be more powerful in improving performance of closed skill movements than of open skill movements. 相似文献
122.
Palmero EI Ashton-Prolla P da Rocha JC Vargas FR Kalakun L Blom MB Azevedo SJ Caleffi M Giugliani R Schüler-Faccini L 《Journal of genetic counseling》2007,16(3):363-371
Hereditary breast cancer (HBC) accounts for 5–10% of breast cancer cases and it significantly increases the lifetime risk
of cancer. Our objective was to evaluate the sociodemographic variables, family history of cancer, breast cancer (BC) screening
practices and the risk profile of cancer affected or asymptomatic at-risk women that undergo genetic counseling for hereditary
breast cancer in public Brazilian cancer genetics services. Estimated lifetime risk of BC was calculated for asymptomatic
women using the Gail and Claus models. The majority of women showed a moderate lifetime risk of developing BC, with an average
risk of 19.7% and 19.9% by the Gail and Claus models, respectively. The average prior probability of carrying a BRCA1/2 gene mutation was 16.7% and overall only 32% fulfilled criteria for a hereditary breast cancer syndrome as assessed by family
history. We conclude that a significant number of individuals at high-risk for HBC syndromes may not have access to the benefits
of cancer genetic counseling in these centers. Contributing factors may include insufficient training of healthcare professionals,
disinformation of cancer patients; difficult access to genetic testing and/or resistance in seeking such services. The identification
and understanding of these barriers is essential to develop specific strategies to effectively achieve cancer risk reduction
in this and other countries were clinical cancer genetics is not yet fully established. 相似文献
123.
124.
The purpose of this study was to identify patterns in Portuguese television advertisements and interpret changes in the portrayal of gender roles using data collected 7 years apart: 1996 and 2003. We grouped 11 attributes of the central figure displayed in 623 evening commercials using a k‐means cluster procedure. There were 4 distinct groups of advertisements that emerged, 2 of them characterizing a predominantly male central figure and the other 2 a female central figure. The overall increase in women portrayed in advertisements from 1996 (32.9%) to 2003 (40.8%) is reflected in a shift toward an increase of advertisements with a female central figure in the typically male “narrator” cluster. Practical implications of these findings are discussed. 相似文献
125.
A handful of patients have been described as being impaired in performing transitive gestures, despite being still able to perform intransitive gestures. This impairment need not be explained by assuming different mechanisms; rather, it can be due to transitive actions being more difficult. In this study we tested whether neurologically healthy participants had greater difficulties in imitating transitive actions with respect to intransitive actions. Consistent with the prediction, subjects imitated intransitive better than transitive gestures. The ease of imitation of intransitive actions supports the complexity account of apraxic impairments. 相似文献
126.
Toon Leroy Mitchell Silva Rudi D’Hooge Jean-Marie Aerts Daniel Berckmans 《Behavior research methods》2009,41(1):148-153
In this article, an automated and accurate mouse observation method, based on a conventional test for motor function evaluation,
is outlined. The proposed measurement technique was integrated in a regular open-field test, where the trajectory and locomotion
of a free-moving mouse were measured simultaneously. The system setup consisted of a transparent cage and a camera placed
below it with its lens pointing upward, allowing for images to be captured from underneath the cage while the mouse was walking
on the transparent cage floor. Thus, additional information was obtained about the position of the limbs of the mice for gait
reconstruction. In a first step, the camera was calibrated as soon as it was fixed in place. A linear calibration factor,
relating distances in image coordinates to real-world dimensions, was determined. In a second step, the mouse was located
and its body contour segmented from the image by subtracting a previously taken “background” image of the empty cage from
the camera image. In a third step, the movement of the mouse was analyzed and its speed estimated from its location in the
past few images. If the speed was above a 1-sec threshold, the mouse was recognized to be running, and the image was further
processed for footprint recognition. In a fourth step, color filtering was applied within the recovered mouse region to measure
the position of the mouse’s paws, which were visible in the image as small pink spots. Paws that were detected at the same
location in a number of subsequent images were kept as footprints—that is, paws in contact with the cage floor. The footprints
were classified by their position relative to the mouse’s outline as corresponding to the front left or right paw or the hind
left or right paw. Finally, eight parameters were calculated from the footprint pattern to describe the locomotion of the
mouse: right/left overlap, front/hind base, right/left front limb stride, and right/left hind limb stride. As an application,
the system was tested using normal mice and mice displaying pentobarbital-induced ataxia. The footprint parameters measured
using the proposed system showed differences of 10% to 20% between normal and ataxic mice. 相似文献
127.
This study examined the work experiences of men, a traditional workplace majority, as minority members of a female-dominated occupation. We used tokenism and social categorization theories to propose and test a set of hypotheses that link token status (a less than 15% minority) with male flight attendants' work attitudes through intervening psychological and job factors. Survey data from a sample of 236 male and female flight attendants supported a model in which a negative relationship between token status and the work attitudes of job satisfaction and organizational attachment was mediated by low self-esteem, increased role ambiguity, and poor job fit. The uncovering of these previously unmeasured intervening variables strengthens theoretical connections between demography and work outcomes and suggests leverage points for improving the work attitudes of individuals in the minority. 相似文献
128.
Several studies have suggested that worry and obsessional symptoms are systematically associated. In the present study, the relationship between worry and obsessional symptoms was confirmed. Measures included a worry content measure, a worry visual analogue scale, a modification of the everyday checking behaviours scale, and the MOCI. Worry was found to be more consistently associated with checking and doubting, than washing and slowness. It is suggested that worry and obsessional symptoms both occur in response to stress. In addition, it is suggested that worry and checking are functionally similar, and Generalised Anxiety Disorder may represent a 'cognitive' variant of obsessional checking. 相似文献
129.
Visual space perception and visually directed action. 总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10
J M Loomis J A Da Silva N Fujita S S Fukusima 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》1992,18(4):906-921
The results of two types of experiments are reported. In 1 type, Ss matched depth intervals on the ground plane that appeared equal to frontal intervals at the same distance. The depth intervals had to be made considerably larger than the frontal intervals to appear equal in length, with this physical inequality of equal-appearing intervals increasing with egocentric distance of the intervals (4 m-12 m). In the other type of experiment, Ss viewed targets lying on the ground plane and then, with eyes closed, attempted either to walk directly to their locations or to point continuously toward them while walking along paths that passed off to the side. Performance was quite accurate in both motoric tasks, indicating that the distortion in the mapping from physical to visual space evident in the visual matching task does not manifest itself in the visually open-loop motoric tasks. 相似文献
130.
This document is a consensus statement on Psychiatry of the Elderly jointly produced by WHO and the Geriatric Psychiatry Section of the World Psychiatric Association, with the collaboration of several pertinent NGOs and the participation of experts from countries in several WHO regions. 相似文献