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201.
Joan D. Koss‐Chioino 《Zygon》2006,41(4):869-876
This essay introduces the five articles that follow, whose aim is to show how altruism emerges out of spiritual transformation and is integral to healing process in four kinds of ritual healing systems—popular, folk, an indigenous religious healing tradition, and complementary and alternative medicine represented by consciousness transformation movements. In this introduction I situate these largely marginalized religious and spiritual practices within the context of the religion‐science discourse, which has focused for the most part on the relationship between the established, mainstream religions and the dominant biomedical system. Antecedents of two of these types of religious practices, Spiritism and consciousness transformation movements, were part of the development of the psychological sciences in the nineteenth century but lost ground in the twentieth. Despite discrimination and persistent negative attitudes on the part of the established religions and biomedicine, these healing traditions have not only survived through the twentieth century but appear to have gained both followers and interest in the twenty‐first. In future decades, at least for complementary and alternative medical practices and perhaps also for spirit healing centers, there may be a reversal in status through greater acceptance of their unique combination of scientific and religious perspectives. 相似文献
202.
Joan Gibson 《希帕蒂亚:女权主义哲学杂志》2006,21(4):1-19
Before women could become visible as philosophers, they had first to become visible as rational autonomous thinkers. A social and ethical position holding that chastity was the most important virtue for women, and that rationality and chastity were incompatible, was a significant impediment to accepting women's capacity for philosophical thought. Thus one of the first tasks for women was to confront this belief and argue for their rationality in the face of a self‐referential dilemma. 相似文献
203.
Joan Elizabeth Neville King Thomas H. Ollendick Eleonora Gullone Bruce Tonge Shaun Watson 《Counselling psychology quarterly》2006,19(2):151-163
Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is a heterogeneous and distressing problem for many children and youth. This review focuses on the etiology and maintenance of SAD, and examines research findings in several key areas of investigation: genetic or hereditary factors (twin and family studies), temperament characteristics (behavioural inhibition), and parent–child interactions (attachment, parenting styles). It is concluded that genetic influences, behavioural inhibition, and parent–child interactions play significant and interactive roles in the development and maintenance of SAD. Other influences such as peer relationships, social skills deficits, and traumatic experiences are also acknowledged. Ultimately, an understanding of such pathways should facilitate effective early screening and intervention of children at risk for severe social anxiety. 相似文献
204.
The Journal of Value Inquiry - 相似文献
205.
Joan F. Miller Timothy R. McConnell Troy A. Klinger 《Journal of religion and health》2007,46(2):299-313
The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of spirituality, religiosity, and religious coping on quality of
life and self-efficacy among couples following a first time cardiac event. There was no significant association between measures
for spirituality and religiosity and couples’ ratings for quality of life and self-efficacy. Negative forms of religious coping
were associated with lower levels of quality of life and decreased confidence in the patient’s ability to perform physical
tasks. Spouses’ measures for quality of life, self-efficacy, spirituality, religiosity, and religious coping were associated
with patients’ measures for the same study variables.
Joan F. Miller, RN, Ph.D., is Assistant Professor of Nursing, Bloomsburg University, Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania 17815 and Director
of the Bloomsburg University Nursing Wellness Center. The author gives special thanks to Timothy R. McConnell, Ph.D., and
Troy A. Klinger, M.S., for their research support and helpful feedback. 相似文献
206.
207.
Joseph L Verheijde Mohamed Y Rady Joan McGregor 《Philosophy, ethics, and humanities in medicine : PEHM》2009,4(1):15-8
Organ donation after cessation of circulation and respiration, both controlled and uncontrolled, has been proposed by the
Institute of Medicine as a way to increase opportunities for organ procurement. Despite claims to the contrary, both forms
of controlled and uncontrolled donation after cardiac death raise significant ethical and legal issues. Identified causes
for concern include absence of agreement on criteria for the declaration of death, nonexistence of universal guidelines for
duration before stopping resuscitation efforts and techniques, and assumption of presumed intent to donate for the purpose
of initiating temporary organ-preservation interventions when no expressed consent to donate is present. From a legal point
of view, not having scientifically valid criteria of cessation of circulation and respiration for declaring death could lead
to a conclusion that organ procurement itself is the proximate cause of death. Although the revised Uniform Anatomical Gift
Act of 2006 provides broad immunity to those involved in organ-procurement activities, courts have yet to provide an opinion
on whether persons can be held liable for injuries arising from the determination of death itself. Preserving organs in uncontrolled
donation after cardiac death requires the administration of life-support systems such as extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.
These life-support systems can lead to return of signs of life that, in turn, have to be deliberately suppressed by the administration
of pharmacological agents. Finally, allowing temporary organ-preservation interventions without expressed consent is inherently
a violation of the principle of respect for a person's autonomy. Proponents of organ donation from uncontrolled donation after
cardiac death, on the other hand, claim that these nonconsensual interventions enhance respect for autonomy by allowing people,
through surrogate decision making, to execute their right to donate organs. However, the lack of transparency and the absence
of protection of individual autonomy, for the sake of maximizing procurement opportunities, have placed the current organ-donation
system of opting-in in great jeopardy. Equally as important, current policies enabling and enhancing organ procurement practices,
pose challenges to the constitutional rights of individuals in a pluralistic society as these policies are founded on flawed
medical standards for declaring death. 相似文献
208.
Carlson K Dickey MW Frazier L Clifton C 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2009,62(1):114-139
In English, new information typically appears late in the sentence, as does primary accent. Because of this tendency, perceivers might expect the final constituent or constituents of a sentence to contain informational focus. This expectation should in turn affect how they comprehend focus-sensitive constructions such as ellipsis sentences. Results from four experiments on sluicing sentences (e.g., The mobster implicated the thug, but we can't find out who else) suggest that perceivers do prefer to place focus late in the sentence, though that preference can be mitigated by prosodic information (pitch accents, Experiment 2) or syntactic information (clefted sentences, Experiment 3) indicating that focus is located elsewhere. Furthermore, it is not necessarily the direct object, but the informationally focused constituent that is the preferred antecedent (Experiment 4). Expectations regarding the information structure of a sentence, which are only partly cancellable by means of overt focus markers, may explain persistent biases in ellipsis resolution. 相似文献
209.
Ethicists and others who study and teach the social implications of science and technology are faced with a formidable challenge
when they seek to address “emerging technologies.” The topic is incredibly important, but difficult to grasp because not only
are the precise issues often unclear, what the technology will ultimately look like can be difficult to discern. This paper
argues that one particularly useful way to overcome these difficulties is to engage with their natural science and engineering
colleagues in laboratories. Through discussions and interactions with these colleagues ethicists can simultaneously achieve
three important objectives. First they can get a great deal of assistance in their research into the social implications of
future technologies by talking with people that are actively creating those futures. Second their presence in the lab and
the discussions that result can be a very powerful method for educating not only students, but faculty about the ramifications
of their work. And third, because the education is directly linked to the students’ everyday work it is likely that it will
not just be a theoretical exercise, but have direct impact on their practice.
相似文献
Jameson M. Wetmore (Corresponding author)Email: |
210.
Emily B. Myers Sheila E. Blumstein Edward Walsh James Eliassen 《Psychological science》2009,20(7):895-903
ABSTRACT— The problem of mapping differing sensory stimuli onto a common category is fundamental to human cognition. Listeners perceive stable phonetic categories despite many sources of acoustic variability. What are the neural mechanisms that underlie this perceptual stability? In this functional magnetic resonance imaging study, a short-interval habituation paradigm was used to investigate neural sensitivity to acoustic changes within and between phonetic categories. A region in the left inferior frontal sulcus showed a pattern of activation consistent with phonetic invariance: insensitivity to acoustic changes within a phonetic category and sensitivity to changes between phonetic categories. Left superior temporal regions, in contrast, showed graded sensitivity to both within- and between-category changes. These results suggest that perceptual insensitivity to changes within a phonetic category may arise from decision-related mechanisms in the left prefrontal cortex and add to a growing body of literature suggesting that the inferior prefrontal cortex plays a domain-general role in computing category representations. 相似文献