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281.
This study examined the extent to which perceptions of partner suffering mediate the association between attachment insecurity (anxiety and avoidance) and personal distress among spouses of older adults with osteoarthritis. Fifty-three spouses watched two videos of targets (their partner and an opposite sex stranger) perform a pain-eliciting household task, and spouses were asked to rate their own distress and perceptions of the targets' pain. Spouses also completed self-report measures of trait attachment. Results revealed that attachment anxiety was associated with greater personal distress in reaction to the partner's suffering, and heightened perceptions of partner pain mediated this association. Avoidant attachment was associated with less distress in reaction to the partner's suffering, but not with less perceived pain. The results of this study identify an important mechanism linking attachment insecurity and heightened distress responses when observing the suffering of a significant other. 相似文献
282.
Using three waves of data (1998, 2000, 2002) on 1,325 emerging adults, we examined depressive symptoms and life satisfaction
among a diverse group of high school dropouts and graduates. Emerging adults who left school without graduating were significantly
more depressed and reported lower life satisfaction than graduates at the time of their expected graduation (T1), but these
differences were nonsignificant 4 years later (T3). Working within an ecological developmental framework (Bronfenbrenner 1977, 1986), we found that graduation status, household composition, family general and transition specific support, peer support, and
adolescent attachment styles protected against adverse mental health consequences at T1. However, only parent and peer support
and attachment predicted changes in depressive symptoms and life satisfaction from T1 to T3. 相似文献
283.
284.
Prejudice has been studied as a function of personality and situation, but there has been little integration of these 2 domains. Our model suggests that people who are especially open and agreeable are more likely to initiate intergroup contact and interpret contact experiences favorably. Such experiences lead to positive intergroup attitudes. To test this mediation hypothesis, participants ( N = 163) completed a measure of (a) the Big Five personality traits, (b) past contact experiences with African Americans, and (c) pro-Black/ anti-Black attitudes. A second study used Asian Americans as the outgroup. In both studies, the model was supported. The results have implications for integrating personality and situational approaches to prejudice and enhancing our understanding of intergroup relations. 相似文献
285.
John H. Hitchcock Bonnie K. Nastasi Joan Newman Rachel Bernstein-Moore Kristen Varjas 《Journal of School Psychology》2005,43(3):259
The purpose of this article is to illustrate a mixed-method approach (i.e., combining qualitative and quantitative methods) for advancing the study of construct validation in cross-cultural research. The article offers a detailed illustration of the approach using the responses 612 Sri Lankan adolescents provided to an ethnographic survey. Such surveys offer a connection between the primary methodologies used (i.e., ethnographic and factor analytic approaches) as they are predicated on qualitative inquiry and allow for the application of factor analysis. If the qualitatively derived constructs are comparable to factor analytic results, then triangulation across methods is achieved and a survey can be developed that is sensitive to culturally specific phenomena. The illustration of this approach uses data from an ethnographic survey of self-concept, as defined by Harter (1999) [Harter, S. (1999). The construction of the self: A developmental perspective. New York: The Guilford Press]. The construction of the self: A developmental perspective. New York: The Guilford Press]. The overall finding is that three constructs emerged from the factor analysis and were reconciled with the ethnographic data. 相似文献
286.
Joan E. E. Sieber 《Journal of Academic Ethics》2005,3(2-4):113-125
This is an account of the evolution of ideas and the confluence of support and vision that has eventuated in the founding
of the Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics (JERHRE). Many factors have contributed to the creation of this
rather atypical academic journal, including a scientific and administrative culture that finally saw the need for it, modern
electronic technology, individuals across the world who were committed to somehow finding common ground between researchers
and those charged with ethical oversight of research, a network of helpful colleagues, and a university whose administration
gave moral support to the endeavor in a time of fiscal austerity. Perhaps equally important were the decisions to make JERHRE
a nonprofit undertaking, to emphasize the implications of empirical research for specific best practices, to serve the educational
needs of those concerned with human research, and to seek to stimulate the interest of students in gaining an evidence-based
understanding of the research contexts in which they decide to work. This article explores the ‘chemistry’ that has made it
possible to develop a somewhat unorthodox journal and set of related activities. 相似文献
287.
Margaret M. Harvey Timothy J. Petersen Julia C. Sager Nita J. Makhija-Graham Edward C. Wright Erika L. Clark Lauren M. Laifer Lauren K. Richards Louis K. Chow Louisa G. Sylvia René M. Lento Laura K. Harward Joan Clowes Valerie Brathwaite Laura K. Lakin Noah D. Silverberg Grant L. Iverson Eric Bui Naomi M. Simon 《Cognitive and behavioral practice》2019,26(2):323-334
Post-9/11 service members may return from military service with a complicated set of symptoms and conditions, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), depression, substance misuse, and traumatic brain injury (TBI), that interfere with reintegration and impair functioning. Although evidence-based treatments that facilitate recovery exist, their successful delivery at a sufficient dose is limited. Barriers to accessing treatment combined with challenges compiling a comprehensive treatment team further delay delivery of effective evidence-based care for PTSD, TBI, and co-occurring mental health conditions. This paper describes the development of a comprehensive, multidisciplinary, 2-week intensive day program for post-9/11 veterans with complex mental health concerns. The treatment program combines skill building groups, family education, and integrative health approaches with evidence-based individual PTSD or TBI care. Initial results from the first 132 participants were notable for a 97% completion rate, as well as statistically significant and clinically meaningful reductions in PTSD, neurobehavioral, and depression symptom severity for the 107 veterans who completed the PTSD track and the 21 who completed the TBI track. These data suggest the intensive program approach is an effective, well-tolerated model of treatment for post-9/11 veterans with PTSD and/or TBI. Future controlled studies should examine the effectiveness of this intensive model compared to standard evidence-based therapy delivery, as well as longitudinal outcomes. 相似文献
288.
Monica M Fitzgerald Renee A Schneider Seoka Salstrom Heidi M Zinzow Joan Jackson Rebecca V Fossel 《Journal of family psychology》2008,22(2):320-324
In this study, the authors examined the role of parentification (children assuming adult-like roles in the family) as it relates to family risk (parental psychopathology, parental illness, and domestic violence), child sexual abuse (CSA), and psychosocial adjustment in 499 college women. Structural equation modeling was used to test a model of direct, indirect, and mediational pathways through which CSA, family risk, and parentification contributed to later psychosocial maladjustment. Results indicate that CSA and family risk independently and directly predicted higher levels of maladjustment, but only family risk positively predicted parentification in childhood. Parentification was unexpectedly related to less maladjustment. Parentification failed to mediate the relation between early family risk and maladjustment. Findings suggest that family risk factors may contribute to parentification and that parentification is not always related to poorer psychosocial outcomes. Future research should examine the impact of parentification on other aspects of functioning and should assess how individual, familial, and cultural variables (e.g., age, gender, duration, perceived fairness, ethnicity, and family support) moderate the impact of parentification on long-term adjustment. 相似文献
289.
A new developmental stage called the quarter-life is proposed, extending from approximately 18–29 years of age and sometimes
later. The emergence of this period is believed to be the result of several social, historic and economic factors that occurred
post WWII. This article explores these changes in terms of the experiences of affluent young people in today’s Western society.
A typology of adaptational responses are presented and explored as the quarter-lifers attempt to navigate their way to adulthood
within the context of this ‘new’ affluent society. Implications for family therapists are considered. 相似文献
290.
In two personality item pools that measure extraversion and neuroticism, the relations between three groups of itemmetric properties and the estimated discrimination indexes according to the two-parameter model are assessed. The itemmetric properties, which are conceptualized as dimensions, are: verbal complexity, ambiguity, and trait indicativity, and the hypotheses concerning their impact on the discriminating power are derived from a processing-stage model. The dimension of trait indicativity shows the clearest relations with the discriminating power in the expected direction. The implications of the results in the construction of personality measures are discussed. 相似文献