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141.
Joan Paul Pozuelos Lina M. Combita Alicia Abundis Pedro M. Paz‐Alonso ngela Conejero Sonia Guerra M. Rosario Rueda 《Developmental science》2019,22(2)
Interventions including social scaffolding and metacognitive strategies have been used in educational settings to promote cognition. In addition, increasing evidence shows that computerized process‐based training enhances cognitive skills. However, no prior studies have examined the effect of combining these two training strategies. The goal of this study was to test the combined effect of metacognitive scaffolding and computer‐based training of executive attention in a sample of typically developing preschoolers at the cognitive and brain levels. Compared to children in the regular training protocol and an untrained active control group, children in the metacognitive group showed larger gains on intelligence and significant increases on an electrophysiological index associated with conflict processing. Moreover, changes in the conflict‐related brain activity predicted gains in intelligence in the metacognitive scaffolding group. These results suggest that metacognitive scaffolding boosts the influence of process‐based training on cognitive efficiency and brain plasticity related to executive attention. 相似文献
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143.
UEFA’s Financial Fair Play (FFP) regulations represent the most restrictive regulatory intervention European club football has ever seen. Put simply, it demands from clubs to operate on the basis of their own football-related incomes. While the policy has attracted considerable attention from the economic and social sciences, very few contributions systematically investigate it from a philosophical-ethical perspective. The present paper fills this research gap by posing questions on FFP in relation to fair play as a normative concept. We draw on sport economic assessments concerning potential outcomes of FFP and argue that the policy should go beyond the mere pragmatic goal of promoting financial sustainability and truly aim for creating a level playing field, otherwise it should not be labeled ‘fair play’. 相似文献
144.
Carlos E. Rosas Petrona Gregorio-Pascual Redd Driver Alyssa Martinez Stephanie L. Price Cristal Lopez 《Basic and applied social psychology》2017,39(2):112-126
The separate and combined efficacy of a social norms and a self-affirmation intervention to motivate decreased sugar-sweetened beverage (SSB) consumption was examined in 2 experiments. College students were randomly assigned to receive information about SSB consumption risks, norms, both, or neither. In addition, participants performed either a self-affirmation or control task. Self-affirmation only weakly affected SSB consumption intentions and behaviors. However, participants in Experiment 2 who received risks information, norms information, or both reported greater SSB reduction intentions than did those who received no information. Two weeks later, those who received both types of information reported more frequent behavior change preparations, and it appears this effect may have been partially mediated by the changes in intentions to reduce SSB consumption. 相似文献
145.
146.
Self-determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 2000, Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behaviour. New York: Plenum Publishing) highlights the impact autonomy supportive environments can have on exercise motivation and positive health outcomes. Yet little is known about whether differential effects occur as a function of which significant other is providing this support. Further, no research has examined the relationship between motivation and the social environment with participants' mental health and intentions to be physically active before entering an exercise intervention. Study participants were 347 British adults who were about to start an exercise referral scheme. Regression analyses revealed that the effects of autonomy support on mental health and physical activity intentions differed as a function of who provided the support (offspring, partner or physician), with the offspring having the weakest effects. A structural model was supported, indicating that autonomy support and more autonomous regulations led to more positive mental health outcomes and stronger intentions to be physically active. Knowledge of the social environmental and personal motivation of those about to commence an exercise programme can provide important insights for professionals supporting such efforts. 相似文献
147.
We investigated relations between maternal control and girls’and boys’ concern for others. Fifty-six pairs of children were
separately interviewed, using a newly developed measure of empathy. While mothers completed a parenting inventory, we videotaped
children as one child attempted to convince a friend to make greeting cards for hospitalized children. High maternal control
was associated with lower empathy and less interpersonally sensitive verbal persuasion, but only in girls. 相似文献
148.
Male goalkeepers of intermediate skill level attempted to stop penalty kicks executed with the instep and inside foot, in
situ. A mobile eye tracker and an external camera were used to collect the gaze and motor behaviors of the goalkeepers, as
well as the penalty takers’ motor behaviors and flight of the ball. Percent saves was greater during instep (28%) than inside
foot kicks (12%), but we detected few differences in fixation frequency, location, duration, or transitions that could be
attributed to the type of kick used. Fixation transitions (or the frequency of gaze shifts between locations) were significantly
higher on goals than on saves. During the final phase of the kicking action, the quiet eye was located on the visual pivot
and was longer during saves than goals. Furthermore, when the final fixation on the ball exceeded approximately 1,100 ms,
then the likelihood of goals increased. The results are discussed in light of past studies in goaltending and the dual demands
of motor tasks that require information be fixated both early and late at spatial locations that exceed the limits of focal
vision. 相似文献
149.
Donald S. Lopez 《Zygon》2010,45(4):883-896
I respond to comments offered by Peter Harrison and Thupten Jinpa on my book Buddhism and Science: A Guide for the Perplexed (2008). I report briefly on the reception of the book thus far and provide a summary of its contents before responding individually to the essays of Harrison and Jinpa. 相似文献
150.
Luby JL 《Current directions in psychological science》2010,19(2):91-95
The empirical finding that school-aged children could suffer clinical depression refuted the widely held assumption that this age group would be too developmentally immature to experience depressive symptoms. Currently childhood depression is a well-recognized and widely treated clinical disorder. Following more recent developmental findings emphasizing the emotional sophistication of very young children, scientific studies have demonstrated that depression can arise early in life, during the preschool period of development. Preschool depression is characterized by typical symptoms of depression such as anhedonia; changes in sleep, appetite, and activity level; and excessive guilt. Further, longitudinal continuity of preschool depression into school age has been established, suggesting that preschool depression is an early manifestation of the later childhood disorder. Based on the known efficacy of early developmental intervention in a number of domains and disorders related to the greater neuroplasticity of the brain earlier rather than later in childhood, it is important to identify depression at the earliest possible point. Early intervention strategies for preschool depression that focus on enhancing emotional development are currently being tested. 相似文献