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291.
One of the main challenges of writing research has been its generative nature. As a production task, writing cannot be controlled as easily as other psychological laboratory tasks, such as reading. In this article, we present an analysis of 3 writing tasks, ranging from a simplified typing task to an ecological writing task. We show that multiple nonlinear metrics can be used to systematically characterize open, complex writing tasks. Moreover, we demonstrate that, when writing performance is quantified in such a way, a continuum of complexity can be identified on which increasingly complex writing performances can be placed. 相似文献
292.
Differentiating perfectionistic strivings and perfectionistic concerns, the present study examined how perfectionism predicts what coping strategies people use, when dealing with failures, and how perfectionism and coping influence people's satisfaction. A sample of 149 students completed daily reports for 3–14 days, reporting the most bothersome failure they experienced during the day, what strategies they used to cope with the failure, and how satisfied they felt at the end of the day. Multilevel regression analyses showed that perfectionistic concerns predicted more frequent use of self-blame, less frequent use of active coping and acceptance, and higher satisfaction at the end of the day, whereas perfectionistic strivings predicted less frequent use of self-blame and higher satisfaction. Although positive reframing, acceptance, and humor predicted higher satisfaction for all students, further analyses showed that positive reframing coping was particularly helpful for students high in perfectionistic concern. The findings suggest that accommodative coping strategies are generally helpful in dealing with personal failures, with positive reframing being a coping strategy that works particularly well for people high in perfectionistic concerns (who are prone to dissatisfaction) to achieve higher satisfaction at the end of the day. 相似文献
293.
Hanno Sauer 《Philosophical explorations》2013,16(3):255-275
Moral judgements are based on automatic processes. Moral judgements are based on reason. In this paper, I argue that both of these claims are true, and show how they can be reconciled. Neither the automaticity of moral judgement nor the post hoc nature of conscious moral reasoning pose a threat to rationalist models of moral cognition. The relation moral reasoning bears to our moral judgements is not primarily mediated by episodes of conscious reasoning, but by the acquisition, formation and maintenance – in short: education – of our moral intuitions. 相似文献
294.
295.
Fischer P Greitemeyer T Kastenmüller A Vogrincic C Sauer A 《Psychological bulletin》2011,137(3):367-390
In recent years, there has been a surge in the quantity of media content that glorifies risk-taking behavior, such as risky driving, extreme sports, or binge drinking. The authors conducted a meta-analysis involving more than 80,000 participants and 105 independent effect sizes to examine whether exposure to such media depictions increased their recipients' risk-taking inclinations. A positive connection was found for overall, combined risk taking (g=.41); as well as its underlying dimensions: risk-taking behaviors (g=.41), risk-positive cognitions and attitudes (g=.35), and risk-positive emotions (g=.56). This effect was observed across varying research methods (experimental, correlational, longitudinal); types of media (video games, movies, advertising, TV, music); and differing risk-related outcome measures (e.g., smoking, drinking, risky driving, sexual behavior). Multiple moderator analyses revealed 2 theoretically new boundary conditions for sociocognitive models. First, the effect was stronger for active (i.e., video games) than for passive (e.g., film, music) exposure to risk-glorifying media content. Second, the effect was stronger when there was a high degree of contextual fit between the media content and type of risk-taking measure. The theoretical, practical, and societal implications of the present research synthesis are discussed. 相似文献
296.
Recent studies reported converging evidence for action–effect associations if participants adopted an intention-based action
control mode in free choice conditions, whereas no evidence for action–effect associations was found when participants adopted
a stimulus-based mode in forced choice conditions. However, it is not yet clear whether action control modes moderate acquisition
or usage of action–effect associations. In the present experiment, two groups of participants underwent an acquisition phase
consisting of either free or forced choice key presses that produced irrelevant, but contingent effect tones. In a subsequent
test phase, participants freely chose the key to press after former effect tones were presented. A reliable consistency effect
resulted for both the groups, i.e. participants preferred the key that produced the irrelevant tone in the preceding acquisition
phase. In combination with prior findings, this consistency effect suggests that usage, but not acquisition of action–effect
associations depends on an intention-based action control mode. 相似文献
297.
Dammann G Hügli C Selinger J Gremaud-Heitz D Sollberger D Wiesbeck GA Küchenhoff J Walter M 《Journal of personality disorders》2011,25(4):517-527
Patients with borderline personality disorder (BPD) suffer from affective instability, impulsivity, and identity disturbance which particularly manifest in an unstable or insecure self-image. One main problem for studies of core psychopathology in BPD is the complex subject of identity disturbance and self-image. The purpose of this study was to investigate the self-image of BPD patients with a qualitative research approach. Twelve patients with BPD were compared to 12 patients with remitted major depressive disorder (MDD) without personality disorder, using the Structured Interview of Personality Organization (STIPO). The transcribed interviews were analyzed using a combination of content analysis and grounded theory. BPD patients described themselves predominantly as helpful and sensitive; reported typical emotions were sadness, anger, and anxiety. MDD patients on the other hand reported numerous and various characteristics and emotions, including happiness, as well as sadness and anxiety. Other persons were characterized by the BPD group as egoistic and satisfied, while the MDD group described others as being balanced and secretive. BPD patients displayed an altruistic, superficial, and suffering self-image. Aggressive tendencies were only seen in other persons. Our findings support the concept of a self and relationship disturbance in BPD which is highly relevant for psychotherapy treatment. 相似文献
298.
Susanne Kuhnt Carina Ehrensperger Susanne Singer Dirk Hofmeister Kirsten Papsdorf Joachim Weis R��diger Zwerenz Elmar Br?hler 《Psychotherapeut》2011,56(3):216-223
Fatigue is a serious cancer-related syndrome reported by cancer patients during and after treatment. Especially the impact of chronic fatigue on quality of life is substantial. The aim of this study was to identify predictors of fatigue after finishing treatment from an early stage of the cancer treatment. A sample of 551 cancer patients with heterogeneous diagnoses completed questionnaires assessing fatigue, psychological and psychosomatic data plus treatment data. The patients were recruited from an acute care hospital (t1) and the participants completed the questionnaire 2?C2.5 years after treatment (t2). Regression analysis showed that the strongest predictor of later fatigue was fatigue during the therapy. Other impact factors are radiotherapy and pain. The results suggest that the diagnosis and treatment of acute fatigue should be carried out at an early stage of cancer treatment to prevent chronic fatigue. Suitable diagnostic methods and treatment options will be presented. 相似文献
299.
Two samples of Hong Kong college students completed the English and the Chinese version of the Multidimensional Orientation Toward Dying and Death Inventory (MODDI-F), respectively. Results show substantially lower coefficients of internal consistency in the English version when compared with its Chinese counterpart. The construct validity of the instrument, i.e., the statistical relationships between its subtests, was confirmed. Whenever available, the use of a questionnaire that is worded in the participants' mother tongue is recommended. 相似文献
300.
Susanna Zarafonitis Michael Wagner Verena Pützfeld Julia Berning Birgit Janssen Petra Decker Ronald Bottlender Hans-Jürgen M?ller Wolfgang Gaebel Wolfgang Maier Joachim Klosterk?tter Andreas Bechdolf 《Psychotherapeut》2012,57(4):326-334