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311.
程式知识与幼儿心理理论的发展关系 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
研究探查56位3-5岁幼儿的程式知识、接受性言语能力以及他们在假装认识、外表-事实区分、错误信念和表征变化等心理理论(Theory of mind,ToM)任务上的表现,着重探究程式知识、言语能力与幼儿对心理状态的认识之间的发展关系。结果表明:(1)排除年龄因素后,程式知识对幼儿关于错误信念的认识、假装-事实的区分和假装者信念的推测有显著影响,但对关于外表-事实区分的影响不显著;(2)排除年龄因素后,言语能力对幼儿在各种心理理论任务上的表现的影响不显著。 相似文献
312.
This article focuses on the ways in which genograms can be an effective psychosocial tool for use with Asian families of diverse
cultural heritages. Using the case examples of Asians from three countries, viz., Malaysia, Japan, and Cambodia, the authors
delineate salient therapeutic themes and map changes from a transgenerational perspective with attention to socio-cultural
and political processes. An anthropological stance (Becvar, Contemp Fam Ther 30:1–2, 2008) allows a therapist to be curious
about Asian family and kinship systems and join with the family in creating a new narrative that broadens spaces for living.
Drawing upon surveys from three training contexts, the voices of Asian mental health practitioners, suggesting culture specific
issues for the effective use of genograms with Asian families, are included. 相似文献
313.
Sang Uk Lee 《Pastoral Psychology》2009,58(5-6):491-504
This article considers the aesthetic interdisciplinarity of the work and Weltanschauung of Donald Capps. It suggests three themes of Capps’ Weltanschauung: reframing, confusion, and empiricism. These themes converge in an image of calmness that epitomizes Capps’ aesthetic interdisciplinarity. Capps envisions a world that is heimlich (homelike), and his aesthetic therefore pursues “homemaking” in this world by virtue of enjoying a certain calmness in the process of pastoral counseling. 相似文献
314.
薪酬预期与选择:基于三参照点理论的验证与探讨 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
两项实验研究对新近提出的风险决策的三参照点(TRP)理论进行了验证.实验就大学生对就业的薪酬制度的偏好和选择对三参照点理论的独特推断进行了检验.三参照点理论强调决策参照点对预期结果分布的界定作用.人们在决策时不仅会考虑现状(SQ)还会考虑最低要求(MR)和目标(G).MR,SQ和G三个参照点把结果空间分成了四个功能区域:成功、获益、损失和失败.根据三参照点理论,参照点的心理效应为MR>>G>SQ.当预期结果的平均值低于MR(或者G)的时候,人们会偏好风险高的选择以增加达到或者超过参照点的可能性;而当预期结果的平均值高于MR(或者G)的时候,人们会偏好风险低的选择以减少低于MR(或者(G)的可能性.实验1中,根据预先测定的大学生群体对第一份工资的最低要求,准确地预测了参与者在高稳定型、高弹性型和中间型三种工资类型的风险偏好和取舍.实验2进一步探讨了MR和G之间的权衡:实验发现当弹性型工资的浮动范围双向超出MR和G(而不是双向非临界)时,人们会优先考虑MR从而使超过G的可能性的吸引力相对降低;而不会为了追求达到G而忽略低于MR的风险. 相似文献
315.
The present study investigated whether computation of mean object size was based on perceived or physical size. The Ebbinghaus illusion was used to make the perceived size of a circle different from its physical size. Four Ebbinghaus configurations were presented either simultaneously (Experiment 1) or sequentially (Experiment 2) to each visual field, and participants were instructed to attend only to the central circles of each configuration. Participants’ judgments of mean central circle size were influenced by the Ebbinghaus illusion. In addition, the Ebbinghaus illusion influenced the coding of individual size rather than the averaging. These results suggest that perceived rather than physical size was used in computing the mean size. 相似文献
316.
Results from a series of psychophysical experiments show that interocular suppression produced by continuous flash suppression (CFS) differentially affects visual features of a target viewed by the other eye. When CFS stimuli are defined by luminance contrast, target color can be reliably identified but percent-correct discrimination of target orientation is near chance. When the colored target is moving, color identification deteriorates with motion speed but direction of motion discrimination improves with target speed. Color’s immunity to suppression is also weakened when interocular suppression is induced by equiluminant CFS stimuli that presumably stimulate the chromatic pathway. These results are discussed in terms of functional segregation of achromatic and chromatic processing in the visual system. 相似文献
317.
Kilho Shin Moritz Stolte Sang Chul Chong 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》2009,71(7):1507-1513
The influence of selective attention on visual processing is widespread. Recent studies have demonstrated that spatial attention can affect processing of invisible stimuli. However, it has been suggested that this effect is limited to low-level features, such as line orientations. The present experiments investigated whether spatial attention can influence both low-level (contrast threshold) and high-level (gender discrimination) adaptation, using the same method of attentional modulation for both types of stimuli. We found that spatial attention was able to increase the amount of adaptation to low- as well as to high-level invisible stimuli. These results suggest that attention can influence perceptual processes independent of visual awareness. 相似文献
318.
319.
Yen Ying Lim Khic Houy Prang Lucette Cysique Robert H. Pietrzak Peter J. Snyder Paul Maruff 《Behavior research methods》2009,41(4):1190-1200
Verbal memory tests—although important to the neuropsychological assessment of memory—are biased to many cultures. In the
present article, we highlighted the limitations associated with the direct translation of tests and word matching, as well
as the lack of ecological validity and cultural appropriateness when tests developed in one culture are used in another. To
overcome these limitations, a verbal memory paradigm was developed that framed the memory assessment with a shopping-list
format, but that developed culturally specific stimuli for the different language groups. The aim of the present study was
to determine the equivalence of this shopping list memory test in different cultural and language groups. Eighty-three adults
from English-, French-, Malay-, and Chinese-speaking cultures participated in four experiments. The results of all the experiments
indicated that performance of verbal list learning is equivalent, irrespective of the language used. These results support
the use of this methodology for minimizing cross-cultural test bias, and have important implications for testing culturally
and linguistically diverse individuals. 相似文献
320.
Given the central role of professional identity (i.e., collective self‐esteem in this study), the authors examined whether collective self‐esteem mediated or moderated relations between job dissatisfaction and client relationships in a sample of 132 professional counselors in the United States. Results indicated that collective self‐esteem partially mediated the relationship between job dissatisfaction and client relationships. Furthermore, job dissatisfaction was negatively related to greater levels of private collective self‐esteem, and greater private collective self‐esteem was positively related to better client relationships. 相似文献