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331.
Reinhard Fuchs Harald Seelig Wiebke Göhner Nicola W. Burton Wendy J. Brown 《Psychology & health》2013,28(12):1480-1499
Objective: To investigate how the effects of a group-based intervention program (MoVo-LISA) on exercise behaviour were mediated by cognitive variables. Different causal models mapping the short-term (adoption) and long-term (maintenance) intervention effects were tested using path analyses. Design: N?=?220 in-patients of a rehabilitation clinic were assigned to an usual care or intervention group (quasi-experimental design). Questionnaire-based assessment was conducted at baseline; discharge; and at six weeks, six months and 12 months post discharge. Measures: The potential mediator variables were outcome expectations, self-efficacy, strength of goal intention (intention strength), self-concordance, action planning and barrier management. Results: Observed intervention effects on exercise behaviour (p?<?0.05) were mediated by intention strength at the adoption and maintenance stages, by action planning only at the adoption, and by barrier management only at the maintenance stage. Self-efficacy and outcome expectations were only indirectly involved in these mediations by affecting intention strength and self-concordance. Conclusion: This is the first study to track the cognitive mediation processes of intervention effects on exercise behaviour over a long time-period by differentiating the adoption and maintenance stages of behaviour change. The findings emphasise the importance of deconstructing intervention effects (modifiability vs. predictive power of a mediator) to develop more effective interventions. 相似文献
332.
Leslie A. Burton Elan Guterman Graham Baum 《Current psychology (New Brunswick, N.J.)》2013,32(2):197-202
One hundred seven university community participants (71 female, 36 male) were evaluated on the five personality factors (NEO-FFI), and finger lengths were measured to determine the ratio of the second to fourth digit (2D:4D). It is well-established that 2D:4D ratios are an index of prenatal androgenic activity. Sex differences were found such that the men had lower 2D:4D ratios than the women for both the left and right hands, and the women indicated greater Neuroticism than the men, as reported by others. Most interestingly, greater Openness was significantly associated with more female-typical (higher) 2D:4D ratios for the entire sample. This was significant for the male sample alone, and was found at a trend level in the female sample alone. 相似文献
333.
334.
David White Amy L. Burton Richard I. Kemp 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2016,107(2):359-373
Photo‐identification is based on the premise that photographs are representative of facial appearance. However, previous studies show that ratings of likeness vary across different photographs of the same face, suggesting that some images capture identity better than others. Two experiments were designed to examine the relationship between likeness judgments and face matching accuracy. In Experiment 1, we compared unfamiliar face matching accuracy for self‐selected and other‐selected high‐likeness images. Surprisingly, images selected by previously unfamiliar viewers – after very limited exposure to a target face – were more accurately matched than self‐selected images chosen by the target identity themselves. Results also revealed extremely low inter‐rater agreement in ratings of likeness across participants, suggesting that perceptions of image resemblance are inherently unstable. In Experiment 2, we test whether the cost of self‐selection can be explained by this general disagreement in likeness judgments between individual raters. We find that averaging across rankings by multiple raters produces image selections that provide superior identification accuracy. However, benefit of other‐selection persisted for single raters, suggesting that inaccurate representations of self interfere with our ability to judge which images faithfully represent our current appearance. 相似文献
335.
James?Rodriguez S.?S.?OlinEmail author Kimberly?E.?Hoagwood Sa?Shen Geraldine?Burton Marleen?Radigan Peter?S.?Jensen 《Journal of child and family studies》2011,20(4):397-405
Family-to-family services are emerging as an important adjunctive service to traditional mental health care and a vehicle
for improving parent engagement and service use in children’s mental health services. In New York State, a growing workforce
of Family Peer Advocates (FPA) is delivering family-to-family services. We describe the development and evaluation of a professional
program to enhance Family Peer Advocate professional skills, called the Parent Engagement and Empowerment Program (PEP). We
detail the history and content of PEP and provide data from a pre/post and 6-month follow up evaluation of 58 FPA who participated
in the first Statewide regional training effort. Self-efficacy, empowerment, and skills development were assessed at 3 time
points: baseline, post-training, and 6-month follow-up. The largest changes were in self-efficacy and empowerment. Regional
differences suggest differences in Family Peer Advocate workforce across areas of the state. This evaluation also provides
the first systematic documentation of Family Peer Advocate activities over a six-month period. Consistent with peer specialists
within the adult health care field, FPA in the children’s mental health field primarily focused on providing emotional support
and service access issues. Implications for expanding family-to-family services and integrating it more broadly into provider
organizations are described. 相似文献
336.
Wilson CE Palermo R Burton AM Brock J 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2011,64(10):1939-1954
Empirical data regarding the extent of face recognition abnormalities in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is inconsistent. Here, 27 ASD and 47 typically developing (TD) children completed an immediate two-alternative forced-choice identity matching task. We contrasted recognition of own- and other-race faces, and, counter to prediction, we found a typical advantage for recognizing own- over other-race faces in both the ASD and TD groups. In addition, ASD and TD groups responded similarly to stimulus manipulations (use of identical or different photographs for identity matching and cropping stimuli to remove hair information). However, age-standardized scores varied widely within the ASD sample, and a subgroup of ASD participants with impaired face recognition did not exhibit a significant own-race recognition advantage. An explanation regarding early experience with faces is considered, and implications for research of individual variation within ASD are discussed. 相似文献
337.
Megreya AM White D Burton AM 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2011,64(8):1473-1483
Viewers are typically better at remembering faces from their own race than from other races; however, it is not yet established whether this effect is due to memorial or perceptual processes. In this study, UK and Egyptian viewers were given a simultaneous face-matching task, in which the target faces were presented upright or upside down. As with previous research using face memory tasks, participants were worse at matching other-race faces than own-race faces and showed a stronger face inversion effect for own-race faces. However, subjects' performance on own and other-race faces was highly correlated. These data provide strong evidence that difficulty in perceptual encoding of unfamiliar faces contributes substantially to the other-race effect and that accounts based entirely on memory cannot capture the full data. Implications for forensic settings are also discussed. 相似文献
338.
Burton AM Jenkins R Schweinberger SR 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2011,102(4):943-958
The Bruce and Young (1986) framework makes a number of important distinctions between the types of representation needed to recognize a familiar face. Here, we return to these, focussing particularly on face recognition units. We argue that such representations need to incorporate idiosyncratic within-person variability, asking questions such as 'What counts as a picture of Harrison Ford?'. We describe a mechanism for achieving this, and discuss the relation between image variability and episodic face memories, in the context of behavioural and neurophysiological data. 相似文献
339.
Burton KW 《Psychological reports》2011,109(2):521-532
Summary.-Images of pleasant scenes usually produce increased activity over the zygomaticus major muscie, as measured by electromyography (EMG), while less activity is elicited by unpleasant images. However, increases in zygomaticus major EMG activity while viewing unpleasant images have occasionally been reported in the literature on affective facial expression (i.e., "grimacing"). To examine the possibility that individual differences in emotion regulation might be responsible for this inconsistently observed phenomenon, the habitual emotion regulation tendencies of 63 participants (32 women) were assessed and categorized according to their regulatory tendencies. Participants viewed emotionally salient images while zygomaticus major EMG activity was recorded. Participants also provided self-report ratings of their experienced emotional valence and arousal while viewing the pictures. Despite demonstrating intact affective ratings, the "grimacing" pattern of zygomaticus major activity was observed in those who were less likely to use the cognitive reappraisal strategy to regulate their emotions. 相似文献
340.