全文获取类型
收费全文 | 533篇 |
免费 | 42篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 3篇 |
2022年 | 6篇 |
2021年 | 15篇 |
2020年 | 13篇 |
2019年 | 15篇 |
2018年 | 30篇 |
2017年 | 28篇 |
2016年 | 30篇 |
2015年 | 29篇 |
2014年 | 28篇 |
2013年 | 54篇 |
2012年 | 26篇 |
2011年 | 29篇 |
2010年 | 14篇 |
2009年 | 11篇 |
2008年 | 27篇 |
2007年 | 13篇 |
2006年 | 12篇 |
2005年 | 18篇 |
2004年 | 8篇 |
2003年 | 17篇 |
2002年 | 17篇 |
2001年 | 9篇 |
2000年 | 6篇 |
1999年 | 3篇 |
1998年 | 9篇 |
1997年 | 3篇 |
1996年 | 5篇 |
1995年 | 5篇 |
1994年 | 3篇 |
1993年 | 3篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 7篇 |
1989年 | 8篇 |
1988年 | 2篇 |
1987年 | 3篇 |
1986年 | 3篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 4篇 |
1981年 | 4篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 6篇 |
1977年 | 6篇 |
1976年 | 3篇 |
1970年 | 2篇 |
1968年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有575条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
421.
422.
Jo Van Cauter 《British Journal for the History of Philosophy》2016,24(1):88-110
In letter 37 to Johannes Bouwmeester, Spinoza identifies a historiola mentis à la Bacon as an important tool for distinguishing more easily between adequate and inadequate ideas. This paper contends that Spinoza's advice is to take into account Baconian-style ‘Civil History’ as providing instructive material for contemplating the variety, complexity, and persistency of human passionate behaviour. Specifically, it argues that Baconian civil history forms an integral part of Spinoza's reflections on provisional morality. Although for Spinoza, philosophical beatitude ultimately demands understanding affects through their first causes – the intuitive perception of things sub specie aeternitatis – in the realm of everyday Spinoza allows for a different, more pragmatic approach to morality. This paper argues at this stage that a philosophical understanding of the mind and its affections is not needed. Spinoza, following Bacon, holds that conduct of practical affairs is particularly improved when those so engaged acquire historical knowledge of the human condition and apply it. Specifically, both authors place special emphasis on a history of men's characters, actions, and vices as providing the material basis for concrete, directly applicable moral and civil precepts. 相似文献
423.
Tessa Field Stephanie Jo Brewster Meghan Towne MaryAnn W. Campion 《Journal of genetic counseling》2016,25(4):708-719
Traditionally, the biotechnology and pharmaceutical industry (BPI) has focused drug development at the mass-market level targeting common medical issues. However, a recent trend is the development of therapies for orphan or rare disorders, including many genetic disorders. Developing treatments for genetic disorders requires an understanding of the needs of the community and translating genomic information to clinical and non-clinical audiences. The core skills of genetic counselors (GCs) include a deep knowledge of genetics and ability to communicate complex information to a broad audience, making GCs a choice fit for this shift in drug development. To date there is limited data defining the roles GCs hold within this industry. This exploratory study aimed to define the roles and motivation of GCs working in BPI, assess job satisfaction, and identify translatable skills and current gaps in GC training programs. The authors surveyed 26 GCs working in BPI in the United States; 79 % work for companies focused on rare disorders. GC positions in BPI are growing, with 57 % of respondents being the first GC in their role. GCs in BPI continue to utilize core genetic counseling competencies, though 72 % felt their training did not fully prepare them for BPI. These data suggest opportunities for exposure to BPI in GC training to better prepare future generations of GCs for these career opportunities. GC satisfaction was high in BPI, notably in areas traditionally reported as less satisfying on the National Society for Genetic Counselors Professional Status Survey: salary and advancement opportunities. BPI’s growing interest in rare disorders represents a career opportunity for GCs, addressing both historic areas of dissatisfaction for GCs and BPI’s genomic communication needs. 相似文献
424.
Humans have the capacity to use stimuli interchangeably by forming equivalence classes, and this ability seems to be supported by our language system. According to Sidman and Tailby (Conditional discrimination vs. matching to sample: an expansion of the testing paradigm. J Exp Anal Behav 37:5–22, 1982), the formation of equivalence classes require that three relations are derived among the class members, and past experiments have shown that one of these relations, i.e., symmetry, corresponding to the ability to reverse a relation (if A → B, then B → A), is extremely difficult to obtain in non-human animals. Because language development and the ability to form equivalence classes both co-occur in children with an increased ability to form categories, the current study tested the idea that category learning might promote symmetry in a nonhuman primate species. In Experiment 1, twelve Guinea baboons (Papio papio) were trained to associate 60 pictures of bears and 60 pictures of cars to two category labels, before being tested in symmetry trials. In Experiment 2, symmetry was trained and tested by reversing the association order between labels and pictures, using a new set of stimuli. In both experiments, the baboons successfully demonstrated category discrimination, but had only a weak (though significant) tendency to respond in accordance with symmetry during test trials. Altogether, our results confirm that symmetry is inherently difficult in non-human animals. We discuss possible explanations for such a limitation and give reasons for thinking that the effects of categorization on symmetry should be further investigated. 相似文献
425.
Maja Rogić Vidaković Ana Jerković Tomislav Jurić Igor Vujović Joško Šoda Nikola Erceg Andreja Bubić Marina Zmajević Schönwald Pantelis Lioumis Dragan Gabelica Zoran Đogaš 《Cognitive processing》2016,17(4):429-442
Transcranial magnetic stimulation studies have so far reported the results of mapping the primary motor cortex (M1) for hand and tongue muscles in stuttering disorder. This study was designed to evaluate the feasibility of repetitive navigated transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for locating the M1 for laryngeal muscle and premotor cortical area in the caudal opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus, corresponding to Broca’s area in stuttering subjects by applying new methodology for mapping these motor speech areas. Sixteen stuttering and eleven control subjects underwent rTMS motor speech mapping using modified patterned rTMS. The subjects performed visual object naming task during rTMS applied to the (a) left M1 for laryngeal muscles for recording corticobulbar motor-evoked potentials (CoMEP) from cricothyroid muscle and (b) left premotor cortical area in the caudal opercular part of inferior frontal gyrus while recording long latency responses (LLR) from cricothyroid muscle. The latency of CoMEP in control subjects was 11.75 ± 2.07 ms and CoMEP amplitude was 294.47 ± 208.87 µV, and in stuttering subjects CoMEP latency was 12.13 ± 0.75 ms and 504.64 ± 487.93 µV CoMEP amplitude. The latency of LLR in control subjects was 52.8 ± 8.6 ms and 54.95 ± 4.86 in stuttering subjects. No significant differences were found in CoMEP latency, CoMEP amplitude, and LLR latency between stuttering and control-fluent speakers. These results indicate there are probably no differences in stuttering compared to controls in functional anatomy of the pathway used for transmission of information from premotor cortex to the M1 cortices for laryngeal muscle representation and from there via corticobulbar tract to laryngeal muscles. 相似文献
426.
Christian S. Crandall Jo‐Ann Tsang Richard D. Harvey Thomas W. Britt 《European journal of social psychology》2000,30(3):355-381
We examine the importance of group membership in stigma and its role in the effectiveness of self‐protective cognitions in three experiments. In Experiment 1, men are asked to interact with an attractive female who will judge their value as a potential date, and either eat a mint or a clove of raw garlic prior to the interview. Although the stigmatized‐by‐garlic men discounted negative feedback and attributed it to their garlic breath, discounting and attributions were negatively correlated with self‐esteem. In Experiment 2, White participants were evaluated positively or negatively by a bogus partner who the participants believed had been told that the participant was either White or Black. Although participants receiving negative feedback engaged in several self‐protective cognitions, including attributing their negative feedback to racism, the strategies were uncorrelated with self‐esteem. In Experiment 3, women prepared to interact via computer with a partner who expressed sexist or non‐sexist beliefs. In the absence of feedback, self‐esteem increased when their partner was sexist. In contrast with the first two experiments, perceiving the partner as prejudiced was significantly and positively correlated with self‐esteem. Together, these experiments suggest that self‐protective cognitions find their effectiveness when stigma has a basis in group membership. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
427.
Sergio M. Pellis Vivien C. Pellis C. Jo Manning Donald A. Dewsbury 《Aggressive behavior》1992,18(5):373-379
House mice have been reported rarely to perform the supine behavior pattern as a defensive tactic during intraspecific fighting. However, in this study of intraspecific fighting by male mice, it is shown that mice do indeed rotate to supine. This maneuver is used to evade or extricate themselves from bites to the lower dorsum by the attacking opponent. Once free from the bite the defender does not remain supine, but will immediately turn to prone and flee. Remaining motionless in the supine position may serve a submissive function in other species, but this does not seem to be the case for mice. The present findings illustrate that the supine tactic is a dynamic maneuver for defense of body areas targeted by the opponent. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc. 相似文献
428.
Jo Soldan Eddy Street Jonathon Gray Julia Binedell Peter S. Harper 《Journal of genetic counseling》2000,9(1):15-31
This paper reflects on experience gained from presymptomatic testing for Huntington disease. An approach is presented which considers the role of the clinician and aims of the interview. Irrespective of the disease being tested for, it is suggested that the psychological aim of presymptomatic testing is to foster emotional insight and understanding that will help clients in their decision-making process about testing and their subsequent adjustment to the result. Based on these aims the process of presymptomatic testing, counseling is considered in terms of clarification, consideration, education, and reflection, followed by decision making. Practical approaches are discussed and illustrated with clinical examples. 相似文献
429.
The current study investigated the effects of balancing elder care and work on emotional health. Responses from 43 retired caregivers, 211 not retired caregivers, 49 retired non-caregivers, and 224 not retired non-caregivers, who had participated in the national Health and Retirement Study, served as the data base. Results indicate that Caregiver Status (Caregiver vs. Non-caregiver) and Retirement Status (Retired vs. Not Retired) interact, depending on the measure of emotional health. The relationship between the number of depression symptoms reported and Caregiver Status depended on whether the respondent was also retired or employed; a significant interaction was not found when emotional health was measured with one overall item. A significant difference was not found between employed caregivers and employed non-caregivers, in terms of emotional health. Employed caregivers who gave more caregiving hours did report poorer emotional health than employed caregivers who gave fewer hours. Female caregivers reported more depression symptoms than male caregivers. The results suggest that employers may need to develop interventions which may help caregivers who are highly involved with caregiving responsibilities. 相似文献
430.
Joseph E. Steinmetz Ph.D. Jo Anne Tracy John T. Green 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》2001,36(3):220-238
In this paper, we argue that the main reason that classical eyeblink conditioning has proven so useful when applied to clinical
situations, is that a great deal of information is known about the behavioral and neural correlates of this form of associative
learning. Presented here is a summary of three lines of research that have used classical eyeblink conditioning to study three
different clinical conditions; autism, fetal alcohol syndrome, and obsessive-compulsive disorder. While seemingly very different
clinical conditions, classical eyeblink conditioning has proven very useful for advancing our understanding of these clinical
pathologies and the neural conditions that may underlie them. 相似文献