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241.
Categorizing facial identities, emotions, and genders: attention to high- and low-spatial frequencies by children and adults 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Three age groups of participants (5-6 years, 7-8 years, adults) matched faces on the basis of facial identity. The procedure involved either low- or high-pass filtered faces or hybrid faces composed from two faces associated with different spatial bandwidths. The comparison stimuli were unfiltered faces. In the three age groups, the data indicated a significant bias for processing of low-pass information in priority. In a second task, participants were asked to identify the emotion (smiling or grimacing) or gender (male or female) of hybrid high-pass/low-pass faces. Opposite results emerged in the two tasks irrespective of the age group; the gender discrimination task indicated a bias for low-pass information, and the emotion task indicated a bias for high-pass information. These differences suggest independent processing routes for functionally different types of information such as emotion, gender, and identity. These routes are already established by 5 years of age. 相似文献
242.
Activation of adenosine receptors in the posterior cingulate cortex impairs memory retrieval in the rat 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Pereira GS Rossato JI Sarkis JJ Cammarota M Bonan CD Izquierdo I 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2005,83(3):217-223
Adenosine A1 and A2A receptor agonists and antagonists have been reported to alter learning and memory. The aim of our study was to investigate the involvement of adenosinergic system in memory retrieval into posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) of Wistar rats. To clarify this question, we tested specifics agonist and antagonists of adenosine A1 and A2A receptors in rats submitted to a one-trial inhibitory avoidance task. The stimulation of adenosine A1 and A2A receptors by CPA and CGS21680, respectively, impaired memory retrieval for inhibitory avoidance task, into PCC. These findings provide behavioral evidence for the role of adenosinergic system in the memory retrieval into PCC. 相似文献
243.
Bertman-Pate LJ Burnett DM Thompson JW Calhoun CJ Deland S Fryou RM 《Behavioral sciences & the law》2004,22(1):159-169
This paper provides a review of the Forensic Aftercare Clinic Conditional Release Program (FAC), which has been operating since December, 1995, in New Orleans, LA. The FAC is a community based program that provides clinical, rehabilitative, and supervisory services to individuals who have been found not guilty by reason of insanity or unrestorably incompetent to proceed and who have been discharged from inpatient settings or diverted from jail settings and placed on conditional release by district court orders. 119 clients participated in FAC over a 7 year period. Forty-one (34.4%) had their conditional release revoked. Of the total population, 12 (10.1%) were re-arrested on at least one charge, 3 (2.4%) were arrested on felony charges, and 9 (7.6%) on misdemeanors. Only two of these charges were violent, resulting in no significant harm to victims. Twenty (16.8%) were hospitalized at least once due to relapse. Clients diverted from jail to community settings did not differ significantly on most variables from clients who were discharged from long-term hospitalization. Data related to public safety and client diversion demonstrate that clients, when appropriate, can be safely diverted to the community in lieu of hospitalization. The number of statewide clients who have been discharged from the forensic hospital into the community has increased steadily from 13 in 1995 to 29 in 2002, and statewide diversion clients have steadily increased from 0 in 1992 to 20 in 2002. The increase in statewide diversion clients and forensic discharges over this 7 year period indicates that stakeholders see the viability of the program as an alternative to as well as a step-down from long-term forensic hospitalization. 相似文献
244.
Wagstaff GF MacVeigh J Boston R Scott L Brunas-Wagstaff J Cole J 《The Journal of psychology》2003,137(1):17-28
245.
Doyle KJ Ray RM 《Mental retardation and developmental disabilities research reviews》2003,9(2):94-102
This article reviews the role of the otolaryngologist-head and neck surgeon-in the diagnosis and treatment of hearing loss in infants and young children. The otolaryngologist is well-versed in the anatomy, physiology, and pathophysiology of the auditory system, as well as the craniofacial syndromes that can involve the head and neck in combination with deafness. In this paper, the various causes of congenital hearing loss are described, as well as the steps required for proper diagnosis. Finally, surgeries used by otolaryngologists to treat childhood hearing loss, their indications, and outcomes, are discussed. 相似文献
246.
Jo Hennessy Bill Mabey Peter Warr 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》1998,6(4):222-231
Concern about the construct validity of assessment centre judgements has led to calls for research into observers’ cognitive processes. In an experiment comparing the Traditional observation procedure against use of a Behavioural Checklist and of Behavioural Coding, six outcome variables were examined. The methods were found to yield similar outcomes in terms of accuracy of judgement, accuracy of written evidence, correlation between dimension ratings, and attitude toward the method employed. However, significant between-method differences were observed in variability between observers and in their willingness to recommend a procedure. It is argued that Behavioural Coding has special merit in assessment centres; the method reduces the cognitive demands placed on assessors, and valuably structures their information-processing. Traditional objections to simultaneous observation and classification are shown to be inappropriate. 相似文献
247.
Robbie J. Steward Han Ik Jo Darrick Murray William Fitzgerald Douglas Neil Frank Fear Martin Hill 《Journal of multicultural counseling and development》1998,26(2):70-82
In a study of African American (n = 208) urban high school students, grade point average (GPA) and specific strategies for coping with day-to-day stressors were found to be significantly related to psychological adjustment. Students who had higher GPAs tended to use family members as a means of solving problems, minimized problems by the use of humor, and used relaxation activities less often were found to have the most positive psychological adjustment, as measured by the index score of the Affects Balance Scale (ABS). Reported negative affect was not found to be significantly influenced by coping style, whereas positive affect was. 相似文献
248.
Kate Brittlebank Kathleen D. Morrison Christopher Key Chapple D. L. Johnson Fritz Blackwell Carl Olson Chenchuramaiah T. Bathala Gail Hinich Sutherland Gail Hinich Sutherland Ashley James Dawson Nancy Auer Falk Carl Olson Dan Cozort Karen Pechilis Prentiss Tessa Bartholomeusz Katharine Adeney D. L. Johnson Heidi Pauwels Paul Waldau Paul Waldau C. Mackenzie Brown David Kinsley John E. Cort Jonathan S. Walters Christopher Key Chapple Helene T. Russell Jeffrey J. Kripal Dermot Killingley Dorothy M. Figueira John S. Strong 《International Journal of Hindu Studies》1998,2(1):117-156
249.
Hand-movement profiles in a tactual—tactual matching task: Effects of spatial factors and laterality
Joël Fagot Agnès Lacreuse Jacques Vauclair 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1994,56(3):347-355
We examined the effect of spatial factors and hemispheric lateralization upon hand-scanning strategies in 14 right-handed men tested in a tactual—tactual matching task. The experiment involved comparisons (judgments of same or different) between two objects sequentially touched by the fingertips of the left or right hand. Stimuli were made of smoothly joined cubes whose junctions were not haptically discernible. Exploratory strategies were inferred from the durations and locations of hand contacts with any of the cubes composing the stimuli. Accuracy was greater when the same stimulus was touched twice by the same hand than when different hands were used to feel it. With regard to strategies, both hands touched the upper parts of the object longer than the lower parts. Subjects also inspected more portions of the objects ipsilateral to the hand used. Overall differences in time spent touching cubes were greater for the right hand than for the left hand, showing that touch times were less evenly distributed on object parts for the former than for the latter. In this study, the process of information gathering by touch appears to be determined by the intertwining integration of contextual factors (e.g., stimulus position in space), biomechanical constraints on hand movements, and such cognitive factors as hemispheric differences on the ability to encode spatial pattern information. 相似文献
250.
Jerome L. Schulman Theodore M. Stevens Bernard G. Suran Mary Jo Kupst Michael J. Naughton 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1978,11(1):145-152
The biomotometer, an electronic device that simultaneously measures activity and provides auditory feedback to the subject, was used in combination with material reinforcers in two experiments attempting to modify activity level in children. In the first study the activity level of an 11-year-old highly active boy was decreased below mean baseline during conditioning in a classroom setting. His level of activity returned to baseline when feedback was withdrawn. In the second study, activity level of a 10-year-old hypoactive boy was increased over mean baseline level during conditioning in a free-play setting, and returned to slightly below baseline during five extinction trials. Results of these studies indicate that the biomotometer is a useful instrument for modification of activity level. 相似文献