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71.
宋代的理学思潮重塑了由汉代郑玄以来井田制研究的汉学典范,进而形成了一个新典范,即井田制研究的理学化典范。井田制研究的汉学典范困境和宋代理学思潮的冲击是井田制研究理学化开启的前提条件。宋代井田制研究的理学化是一个过程,又可分为两期。前期为井田制研究的理学思潮化阶段。北宋欧阳修是井田制理学化的早期实践者,他将理学批判和理学形上论运用到井田制的研究中,这是井田制研究理学化的开端。其后,宋儒井田制研究的重点是批判汉儒的方法和观点,但忽视形而上的研究,破而不立,并没有建立新典范的意识。后期是井田制研究的理学典范化阶段。南宋朱熹的研究扭转了两宋以来重批判轻形上的风气,将典范所依据的经典由《周礼》转向《孟子》;将所要诠释的井田制模式由《周礼》井田制沟洫制转为《孟子》九夫为井制;确立了以义理为本、典制为末观念为制度阐释的原则。朱熹的相关研究标志着井田制理学化典范的形成。井田制研究理学化过程是理学思潮重塑汉唐以来经学研究的面貌的过程,也是理学思潮自身调适和转向的过程。通过对井田制研究理学化过程的考察,可以丰富理学思潮如何成为典范的认知,也可以为汉学转向宋学的内在理路提供新的解释。 相似文献
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73.
What Does it Take to Break the Silence in Teams: Authentic Leadership and/or Proactive Followership? 下载免费PDF全文
Hannes Guenter Bert Schreurs IJ. Hetty van Emmerik Shuhua Sun 《Psychologie appliquee》2017,66(1):49-77
Leadership may help break the silence in teams, but this may not be equally true for all employees. Using behavioral plasticity theory, we propose that authentic leadership—a set of leadership behaviors through which leaders enact their true selves—reduces silence and motivates speaking up in employees low on proactive personality, but hardly affects employees who are proactive by nature, because proactive employees are less susceptible to social influences. Using data from 223 employees (nested in 45 work teams), we indeed find authentic leadership to reduce silence in employees with less proactive personalities, but not in more proactive employees. We discuss theoretical and practical implications for silence and authentic leadership. 相似文献
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The atomic structures of specific types of linear defects (phason lines) and planar defects (phason planes) in the complex metallic alloy phase ξ′-Al–Pd–Mn have been determined by high-resolution electron microscopy (HREM) and theoretical HREM simulation. The results show that a representational atomic structural model for phason planes can be constructed by introducing a shift between two parts of the perfect crystalline structure using a translation vector of r ?=?(1/2) a ?+?(1/2τ) c . This typical phason plane is normally parallel to the (001) plane of the ξ′-Al–Pd–Mn phase and consists of phason lines, which are arranged side-by-side with their linear direction parallel to the [010] axis. HREM simulations, based on the structural model for both edge-on and inclined types of phason lines, agree well with the experimental results. Taking into account the fact that the structural difference between various curved phason planes arises from the variation in the arrangement of individual phason lines, the atomic structures of the edge-on and inclined phason lines can be used to explain the various curved phason planes frequently observed in the ξ′-Al–Pd–Mn phase. 相似文献
76.
Four-phonon model of soft-matter quasicrystals is proposed, in which there are three solid phonons and one fluid phonon. With this model, the vibration spectrum of soft-matter quasicrystals can be obtained. The generalized Debye frequency, generalized Debye temperature and the thermodynamic functions of soft-matter quasicrystals are observed. The results on the specific heat of soft-matter quasicrystals demonstrate the contributions of both solid phonons and fluid phonon, respectively. 相似文献
77.
Sketching is widely used in design to generate creative ideas. Design studies present stimuli during sketching to enhance creativity. This study examines the effect of stimuli presented during different sketching states, especially of those presented during the stuck period. It conducted a sketching experiment that enrolled 41 students with an average of 5.7 years’ practice in industrial design. The sketching with stimuli presented at regular intervals, those with stimuli presented during the stuck period, and those without stimulus were compared. Eye movements during the sketching processes were recorded. The attention to stimuli, and the direct applications of stimuli to design ideas, and the idea connection and idea differentiation were analyzed. Participants sketching with stimuli presented during the stuck period had a higher sketching quality, compared with those in other experimental conditions. They fixated longer on stimuli, built more links among related ideas, and had a more differentiated and balanced exploration. This study then proposed the mechanisms of stimuli processing. The stimuli presented at regular intervals were stored and acted as additional memory. The stimuli presented during the stuck period were dissected and acted as supporter, inducing a more creative sketching. 相似文献
78.
Bernie Holliday Damon Burton Greg Sun Jon Hammermeister Sarah Naylor Dan Freigang 《Journal of Applied Sport Psychology》2013,25(2):199-219
Over the past two decades, mental skills training (MST) has experienced a tremendous surge in popularity, yet MST is not without its critics, including some athletes and coaches. Additionally, a number of concerns have arisen about mental training effectiveness, and its ability to maximize athlete development, performance, and peaking. Periodization is a systematic program development and implementation strategy that holds promise for enhancing mental training effectiveness and combating some of the problems currently limiting MST interventions. Thus, the purpose of this conceptual paper was threefold. First, periodization concepts are introduced by demonstrating how they are utilized to systematically guide physical training. Second, strategies to adapt periodization concepts to enhance mental training programs are examined, along with techniques to integrate physical and mental training, including: mental training tool and skill periodization plans and mental training drill menus. Finally, a case study is presented to illustrate how an integrated approach to periodized training that targets both physical and mental skill development can enhance the effectiveness of MST while minimizing implementation problems. 相似文献
79.
This study aimed to explore Chinese children's social value orientation across different ages and contexts. Revised decomposed games were used to measure the social value orientation of 9‐, 11‐, and 14‐year‐old children and college students as an adult group. About half of them were assigned to the hypothetical context of “equal payment group,” providing equal compensation for participation in the study, and the others to the “real payment group,” who got payment according to their own choices in the games. Results showed that 9‐ and 11‐year‐old children's choices differed between the two contexts: They made more prosocial choices in the hypothetical context, and more competitive choices in the “real payment” context. The 14‐year‐olds’ and adults’ choices were not significantly different in the two contexts. These results may imply that by 14 years of age, children have stable social value orientation, and their behavior reflects this value. 相似文献
80.
Xinguang Chen Fang Li Liesl Nydegger Jie Gong Yuanjing Ren Veronica Dinaj-Koci Huiling Sun Bonita Stanton 《Personality and individual differences》2013
International behavioral research requires instruments that are not culturally-biased to assess sensation seeking. In this study we described a culturally adapted version of the Brief Sensation Seeking Scale for Chinese (BSSS-C) and its psychometric characteristics. The adapted scale was assessed using an adult sample (n = 238) with diverse educational and residential backgrounds. The BSSS-C (Cronbach alpha = 0.90) was correlated with the original Brief Sensation Seeking Scale (r = 0.85, p < 0.01) and fitted the four-factor model well (CFI = 0.98, SRMR = 0.03). The scale scores significantly predicted intention to and actual engagement in a number of health risk behaviors, including alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and sexual risk behaviors. In conclusion, the BSSS-C has adequate reliability and validity, supporting its utility in China and potential in other developing countries. 相似文献