Dimensionality of individualism–collectivism and measurement equivalence of Triandis and Gelfand’s scale

Despite researchers’ strong interest in individualism and collectivism (I–C), the conceptualization and measurement of I–C constructs remain controversial. Through a cross-cultural study, the present research examines the dimensionality of I–C and tests equivalence of a measurement scale recently developed by Triandis and Gelfand. Through confirmatory factor analyses, the authors find that conceiving I–C as separate constructs with multiple dimensions is superior and better fits the data. The measurement scale developed based on such a conceptualization is found warrantable although refinements can be made. The results suggest a need for future research on further testing the dimensionality and measurement of the individualism and collectivism scale.     

"宗教多元性"、"宗教多元观"与"宗教多元论"——试论"Religious Pluralism"的三重含义

目前国内学界通常将"Religious pluralism"一词译作"宗教多元论"或"宗教多元主义"。本文通过对其内涵的深入分析,揭示出该术语三重含义:"宗教多元性"、"宗教多元观"与"宗教多元论"。文章进一步提出判断某种理论是否属于宗教多元论的标准可概括为"以相对化为途径,祛除宗教自我中心主义,在新秩序内实现宗教平等"。由此揭示出当代宗教多元论的目标在于通过建构宗教共同体建立宗教平等的"新秩序"。     

高频靶词情绪启动的反转效应

实验采用词-词情绪启动范式,在SOA 5个水平上以高频情绪词为靶词,考察情绪启动的反转效应。结果在SOA各个水平上均发现反转效应,即被试对与启动刺激效价一致的靶刺激的反应较慢,而对与启动刺激效价不一致的靶刺激的反应较快。实验结果支持情绪转换模型和快速-准确策略理论。     

四卡问题解决中的内容与逻辑分析效应

选取条件概率(P(Q|P))由低到高的四个命题作为四卡问题中的检验规则,探讨了大学生被试对四张卡片的逻辑证明作用的推断能力及其对解决四卡问题的影响。结果发现:(1)不同条件概率的命题之间正确选择P-Q的人数百分比不存在显著差异,命题的条件概率因素对四卡问题的正确解决没有影响。(2)逻辑分析过程对四卡问题的正确解决产生了一定的抑制作用,这可能是因为被试不能从整体上思考四张卡片在命题检验中的逻辑作用的缘故。(3)一些被试即使在逻辑分析过程中表现出知道-Q卡片的证伪作用,仍然倾向于选择卡片Q而非-Q,这一现象再次证实了人类思维的非形式逻辑的一面。     

初中生成就目标定向、学习策略与学业成绩之间的关系研究

以432名初中学生为被试,通过问卷调查,考察初中生成就目标定向、学习策略与学业成绩之间的关系。结果表明：成就目标定向、学习策略对学业成绩均存在显著的总体影响,其中学习策略对学业成绩产生显著的直接影响,并且主要是通过认知策略和动机策略来产生;成就目标定向对学业成绩不存在显著的直接影响,但通过学习策略这个中介变量产生显著的间接影响。成就目标定向主要是通过元认知策略对学习策略产生显著的直接影响。     

Posture control and complex arm coordination: analysis of multijoint coordinative movements and stability of stance

The authors addressed the interactions between control of bimanual multijoint coordination tasks and posture. Participants (N = 6) performed 8 coordination patterns that differed in degree of complexity by using their bilateral elbows and wrists under 3 scaled motion speeds while standing on 2 force plates. Results indicated that producing complex bimanual multijoint coordinative tasks affected postural sway, thus resulting in an increase of sway activity. Behavioral as well as mechanical factors accounted for the increased disturbance in postural sway. Those findings suggest that performing complex coordination tasks disrupts postural control in normal young adults.     

要点表征与字词表征在错误再认中的作用

关键诱词是指在学习中没有出现的、跟所学单词有一定关联的词。学习者对关键诱词提取时错误再认率(即虚报率)较高,这被称之为错误再认现象。有人认为是要点表征导致了错误记忆,但也有人认为记忆中是字词表征起主要作用。本研究针对要点表征和字词表征对中学生英语单词学习中错误再认的影响进行了2×7的混合设计,分别考查了分类分组呈现单词和随机呈现单词对中学生英语单词再认的影响,同时考查了关键诱词的虚报率与学习次数的关系。发现:(1)学习分类分组呈现单词的被试,对关键诱词的虚报率明显高于学习随机呈现单词的被试,说明要点表征在错误再认中起着重要作用;(2)对关键诱词的虚报率与学习次数之间呈现倒V型的关系,说明在学习初始阶段,要点表征在错误再认中起主要作用;但在学习的后期,字词表征在再认中的作用占据了主要地位。     

工作记忆中的词长效应

工作记忆中的词长效应是指在即时序列回忆中短单词列的成绩优于长单词列的现象。该文首先回顾与词长效应有关的实验研究及阐述对应的理论解释,包括经典的语音回路理论和新近提出的特征模型、整合理论、项目位置权衡理论和SIMPLE理论等,然后介绍在这一方面运用脑成像技术研究的进展,如ERP,PET和fMRI方面的研究,为词长效应理论解释提供了进一步的证据,接着讨论词长效应研究中存在的争议,最后简评各主要理论并展望了今后研究的趋势     

网络社会伦理:一种基于责任伦理的建构

网络社会的道德活动是网络中的个人、组织之间的社会关系和共同利益的反映.因特网是通过人们自觉自愿地互联而建立起来的,在网络社会中,既是信息的提供者,又是信息的使用者;既是网络的用户,又是网络的管理者.任何人都离不开他人和社会.网络社会由无数网民和各种各样的组织组成,每一个主体都处于自我、集体、社会的种种复杂关系之中.要使网络社会和谐有序地发展,基于责任伦理控制体系的建构是必要的,也是可能的.     

Mediating effect of cooperative norm in predicting organizational citizenship behaviors from procedural justice climate

Although the relationships between procedural justice climate and organizational citizenship behaviors have been examined in recent years, little research has explored the mechanism by which procedural justice climate shapes individual employee prosocial behaviors in the workplace. The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating role of a group-level cooperative norm on the relationships between the group-level procedural justice climate and individual-level organizational citizenship behaviors. The survey involved 45 work groups in four different industry fields in Taiwan, including manufacturing, technology, banking, and insurance, and each of the groups was composed of one supervisor and three subordinates. Cross-level analyses using hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) indicated that the cooperative norm fully mediated the relationship between procedural justice climate and individual helping behaviors. Procedural justice climate indirectly affects individual helping behaviors through their effects on the cooperative norm.