对交迭任务记忆的实验研究(Ⅰ)

许多监管任务要求操作者记住随机发生的、必须在规定时刻内给予一定反应的许多刺激。这样在刺激—反应之间就出现了复杂的交迭过程。本实验模拟这类刺激—反应情境,将简单的任务信息随机呈现在IBM PC/XT计算机屏幕上,要求被试在指定时间给出适当的反应。实验Ⅰ的结果表明,任务呈现间隔时间影响交迭记忆的业绩,交迭记忆业绩随任务间隔时间的延长而提高。进而说明时间繁忙是心理负荷的时间因素。     

独生与非独生儿童认知发展的比较研究(广州市)

为了研究中国独生子女政策可能造成的独生和非独生儿童的认知能力的差别,分别在广州七所小学一年级和五年级中选择了146名和171名独生与非独生儿童。用11项认知能力测验对这些儿童进行测查。一年级独生儿童在言语记忆和一般常识项目上的成绩优于非独生儿童。研究认为,一年级独生儿童在与一般认知能力有关的项目上具有优势。而五年级的独生儿童在认知作业成绩上,没有表现出显著性的优势。另外,独生男童在一般常识方面优于独生女童。作者用独生儿童受到较大的父母关注和投资来解释一年级独生对非独生儿童在认知方面的优势。随着儿童的自然成熟和学业教育,两者之间的差距会逐渐缩小,从而使五年级独生儿童未能在认知方面表现出明显的优势。     

Factors Influencing the Development of Psychology in China

The factors that have influenced the development of Chinese psychology are identified as: politics and ideologies, economic development, traditional culture, higher education, and human resources. This article focuses on the dynamics of the development of psychology as a discipline. Consideration is given to the process by which the discipline is facilitated or impeded in its development. Special emphasis is on those characteristics that are specifically relevant to the development of psychology in the Chinese social environment.     

The Dimensions and Consequences of Organizational Politics Perceptions: A Confirmatory Analysis1

The present study, using confirmatory factor analysis, investigated the factorial structure of organizational politics perceptions. A second-order factor model was supported for both supervisor and subordinate samples. In addition, the hypothesis that different dimensions of perceived organizational politics lead to different satisfaction outcomes was also supported. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that subordinates reacted more negatively than did supervisors to politics perceptions. The results of the present study are discussed in light of directions for future research.     

中国人眼对非彩色系表色色差辨别的实验研究

报道了中国人眼对表色色差辨别的实验研究中非彩色系列实验研究结果,并与国外有关结果进行了比较。结果表明,非彩色的明度特性变化,对人眼色差辨别无显著影响,色差值仅随目视评价的感觉等级不同而异。此结果与国外有关报道的结果基本一致。实验结果为中国颜色体系的非彩色系颜色样品提出了色差宽容度：△Ｅ＜１．５。此色差宽容度已被全国颜色标准化技术委员会认定为ＧＳＢＡ２６００３—９４《中国颜色体系》国家标准中颜色样品色差宽容度的技术参数。     

STM capacity for Chinese and English language materials

This paper delineates the theoretical implications of a program of research on short-term memory using Chinese characters as stimuli, and compares the findings with studies of short-term memory that use English language materials. The 14 experiments on which it is principally based, carried out in the People’s Republic of China and in the U.S.A., are reported in detail in Yu et al. (1984), W. Zhanget al. (1984), and G. Zhang and Simon (this issue). One major theoretical product of this research is an experimentally tested model that reconciles the chunking theory of STM capacity with the articulatory loop theory of Baddeley, making good quantitative predictions of capacity compatible with both. Another result, obtained by using homophones as stimuli, is a demonstration that STM is mainly acoustically encoded, but that there are an additional two or three chunks of visually or semantically encoded short-term memory available. Chunks are shown to play the same role in immediate recall and rote learning in both the Chinese language and English language stimuli; and STM capacity, measured in chunks, is essentially the same for materials in both languages.     

高技术知识员工压力来源的比较研究

本文以上海高技术组织中本地知识员工和外地知识员工作为对比样本,进行两类人群在压力感知和压力来源的差异性分析.研究表明:上海本地高技术知识员工与外地知识员工在压力感知程度上没有显著差异,而在"工作负荷"、"成就动机"、"文化适应"和"工作/家庭平衡"等四个压力来源因素上具有显著差异;地域来源与年龄、学历程度对压力感知具有不同程度的交互作用.     

Psychometric properties of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire: Chinese version

The aim of the present study was to develop a Chinese version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (CERQ-C) and to examine its psychometric properties in a sample of Chinese university students. The English version of the Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire was translated and back-translated prior to its administration to 791 participants recruited from two universities in Changsha, Hunan (China). Internal consistency, test–retest reliability, inter-scale reliability, and factorial validity were analysed. The CERQ-C exhibited: (1) moderate internal consistency (Cronbach's α=.83); (2) a mean inter-class correlation coefficient of .79; (3) a mean inter-item correlation coefficient of .09; and (4) moderate test–retest reliability (.64). Confirmatory factor analyses supported the original CERQ nine-factor model. Finally, with respect to criterion validity, several CERQ-C subscales were uniquely associated with symptoms of depression and anxiety.