Emotional reactions to scandals: When does moral character make a difference?

A scandal can evoke public outrage when it is widely publicized and involves an individual who is perceived to have a high level of cultural representativeness. Two experiments showed that when the scandalous target's moral character was highlighted, emotional responses towards the target were least negative when the scandal was widely circulated and when the target was seen as a representative of his culture. These results suggest that when a cultural symbol is implicated in a widely‐circulated scandal, the negative emotions directed towards the scandalous individual can be alleviated when the public remains confident in his or her commitment to morality.     

眼跳任务中的偏心距效应

采用完全被试内设计,控制了眼跳任务类型(朝向眼跳、反向眼跳)和目标偏心距水平,考察了大学生在两种眼跳任务中的偏心距效应,即目标刺激相对于屏幕中心的距离对于眼跳过程的影响.研究结果发现:(1)反向眼跳任务中的首次眼跳方向错误率显著高于朝向眼跳,眼跳潜伏期也显著较长.(2)在朝向和反向眼跳过程中,都出现了目标的偏心距效应,即随着目标偏心距的增大,眼跳潜伏期缩短,眼跳落点视角增大.     

国外心理契约破坏及结果变量与调节变量：述评与展望

心理契约破坏是个体对组织未能履行其在心理契约中应承担责任的认知评价。文章首先结合以往研究探讨了心理契约破坏与相应结果变量的关系,然后探讨了调节变量的作用,最后从被试群体、研究方法及理论模型的构建上对未来研究进行了展望。     

Emotionally conditioning the target-speech voice enhances recognition of the target speech under “cocktail-party” listening conditions

Under a noisy “cocktail-party” listening condition with multiple people talking, listeners can use various perceptual/cognitive unmasking cues to improve recognition of the target speech against informational speech-on-speech masking. One potential unmasking cue is the emotion expressed in a speech voice, by means of certain acoustical features. However, it was unclear whether emotionally conditioning a target-speech voice that has none of the typical acoustical features of emotions (i.e., an emotionally neutral voice) can be used by listeners for enhancing target-speech recognition under speech-on-speech masking conditions. In this study we examined the recognition of target speech against a two-talker speech masker both before and after the emotionally neutral target voice was paired with a loud female screaming sound that has a marked negative emotional valence. The results showed that recognition of the target speech (especially the first keyword in a target sentence) was significantly improved by emotionally conditioning the target speaker’s voice. Moreover, the emotional unmasking effect was independent of the unmasking effect of the perceived spatial separation between the target speech and the masker. Also, (skin conductance) electrodermal responses became stronger after emotional learning when the target speech and masker were perceptually co-located, suggesting an increase of listening efforts when the target speech was informationally masked. These results indicate that emotionally conditioning the target speaker’s voice does not change the acoustical parameters of the target-speech stimuli, but the emotionally conditioned vocal features can be used as cues for unmasking target speech.     

胰岛素抵抗与2型糖尿病关系的新思考

胰岛素抵抗(IR)与2型糖尿病关系密切,对IR的认识,经历了几十年反复的过程,胰岛素抵抗综合征(IRS)的提出使2型糖尿病防治观念发生了根本的转变,提出了2型糖尿病防治新策略:从以降糖治疗为主到全面防治心血管疾病.对IR的认识和IR与2型糖尿病的关系,体现了辩证唯物主义认识论和系统论的观点.     

九座禅师杂考

晚唐五代时福建禅宗大盛,与众多闽籍禅师在会昌法难后返闽兴教有不可分割的关系。唐末九座禅师智广是其中之一,其抵闽时间比雪峰义存略早。但他的情况至今未引起人们注意。本文试对智广生平作一考辨。     

神经科学视角下的共情研究热点

共情是指个体对他人情绪和想法的感受及理解。近年来关于共情神经机制的研究日益增多,但多集中在情感共情、认知共情、生理性疼痛共情等方面,而对社会痛共情、积极共情和不对称共情反应的研究相对较少。且由于研究范式及个体差异等原因,研究结果之间也充满着争议。未来研究可以设计更具生态效度的共情研究范式、进一步深化和细化共情的神经机制研究、从神经机制角度探讨不同共情能力个体的特点及共情反应的调节因素。     

抗震救灾官兵心理健康状况及相关因素分析

了解参加抗震救援官兵的心理健康状况及相关因素,为进行心理危机干预提供科学依据。方法 采用症状自评量表（SCL-90）、简易应对方式问卷（SCSQ）、艾森克人格问卷简式量表中国版（EPQ-RSC）及军事应激症状核查表（PCL-M）,对空军某部抗震救援官兵进行心理测评。结果 消极应对和PCL-M总分与SCL-90总分及各因子分呈正相关（p＜0.01）;积极应对方式与PCL-M总分、SCL-90总分及4项因子分呈低相关（p＜0.01）;不同气质类型PCL-M总分及SCL-90各项统计指标之间均有显著性差异（p＜0.01）。结论 气质类型与应对方式对心理健康状况有很大影响,个别官兵应及时给予心理疏导     

流动儿童歧视知觉与心理健康水平的关系及其心理机制

为了探讨流动儿童所感受到的歧视对他们心理健康水平的影响, 以及应对方式和自尊在其中所起的作用, 从北京市公立学校和打工子弟学校选取1164名流动儿童、从公立学校选取525名北京儿童、从流动儿童主要来源地的农村选取568名农村儿童作为被试, 采用问卷调查的形式, 测查了流动儿童感受到的歧视、他们的心理健康水平(社交焦虑、孤独感、抑郁)、应对方式和自尊。研究发现: (1) 流动儿童所感受到的社会歧视在学校类型、流动性上存在显著的差异, 打工子弟学校的流动儿童得分显著高于公立学校的, 流动性高的儿童得分显著高于流动性低的, 但在性别上不存在显著差异, 也不存在学校类型与性别和流动性的交互作用; (2) 流动儿童的心理健康水平在性别、学校类型和流动性上存在显著的差异, 女孩、来自公立学校的流动儿童、流动性高的儿童的心理健康水平显著差于与之相对应的被试, 除在社交焦虑和抑郁上存在学校类型和性别的交互作用外, 在孤独感上不存在学校类型和流动性的交互作用; (3) 不同类别儿童在心理健康水平上存在显著差异, 流动儿童在社交焦虑、孤独感上最差; (4) 除消极应对与自尊、积极应对与抑郁相关不显著外, 歧视、心理健康水平、应对方式、自尊两两之间都相关非常显著; (5) 歧视知觉对心理健康水平有显著的直接影响, 也通过应对方式和自尊对心理健康水平产生显著的影响。自尊不仅在歧视知觉与心理健康水平之间起到显著的部分中介作用, 在应对方式和心理健康水平之间也起到了显著的部分中介作用。