线索冲突情境下幼儿对不同领域知识的选择性信任特点

探讨幼儿在准确性线索和共识线索冲突情境下对自然与社会领域知识的选择性信任特点。实验1探究幼儿在线索冲突情境下对自然领域知识的选择性信任,选取88名4~6岁幼儿,采用对物品命名的方法,结果发现4岁幼儿依据共识线索进行信任判断,而5~6岁幼儿依据准确性线索进行信任判断;实验2探究幼儿在线索冲突情境下对社会领域知识的选择性信任,选取94名4-6岁幼儿,采用对人格特质命名的方法,结果发现4岁幼儿依据共识线索进行信任判断,5岁幼儿对两类线索没有做出偏向性选择,6岁幼儿依据准确性线索进行信任判断。实验3采用被试内设计,探讨5岁幼儿对两个领域知识的选择性信任,验证了实验1和实验2的相关结果。结论:在线索冲突情境下幼儿对不同领域知识的选择性信任具有不同的年龄发展特点。     

论霍耐特对卢卡奇物化理论的批判性重建

从卢卡奇对物化概念的分析开始,关于物化理论的研究在现代哲学界就从未停止。霍耐特立足于社会批判与社会发展之间落差的思考,以其独特的理论视角,将物化生发的判准向内翻转,以“原初承认”作为理论支点,拓展了卢卡奇的物化批判视域。霍耐特试图在社会生活层面及生存结构中寻求社会病态的可能成因,提供一种在当代社会推进物化批判的独特路径,在发展社会批判理论以及建立社会批判范畴新形式上作出独特贡献。     

关系网络与当代中国基层社会运动--以一个街区环保运动个案为例

20世纪90年代中期以来,中国城市基层治理体系逐渐从单位制转向社区制.随着这种转型,城市街区也爆发了越来越多针对工商企业或基层政府机构的市民维权运动.本研究旨在探索这些社区运动的动力机制.个案研究发现,较之于其他街区,有些街区的居民由于善于运用关系网络为"武器",因而在维权运动中表现更为积极,并取得更大成功.因此,关系网络是影响城市基层社会维权运动发生及其结果的重要因素.它之所以发挥这样的作用,是因为目前国家的体制结构使然一方面,中国仍旧是个威权主义国家;但另一方面,当前的行政体系又处于一种相对"分裂"状态.正是这一点使得维权市民有必要并且有可能运用关系网络促进其集体行动.在当前,中国群众维权运动本身已经开始发生结构性转化.这些以维权为目的基层社会运动不仅保护了公民权益,促进社会空间发育,而且在实际上增强了国家权威和合法性.     

Relating distinctive orthographic and phonological processes to episodic memory performance

Three experiments examined the role of three distinctive perceptual factors in recognition and recall memory. Using a subject-paced presentation rate, the first two experiments (recognition and recall) examined (1) the number of phonological-to-orthographic neighbors, (2) phonological-to-orthographic consistency, and (3) orthographic-to-phonological consistency. The third experiment (recall) reexamined the number of phonological-to-orthographic neighbors, using an experimenter-paced presentation rate of 2 sec per item. In both recognition and recall memory tasks, the number of phonological-to-orthographic neighbors influenced memory performance, whereas the two types of consistency did not. The results indicate that having fewer phonological-to-orthographic neighbors (i.e., having distinct mappings between orthography and phonology, and between phonology and orthography, e.g., pulp) relieve words from interference in episodic memory tests for such words. Furthermore, words that are indistinct in terms of these mappings (e.g., tuck) are subject to interference from words with similar representations (e.g., luck, buck, stuck), and this weakens the memory trace for a particular word.     

When the presence of creative coworkers is related to creativity: role of supervisor close monitoring,developmental feedback,and creative personality

Study 1 was conducted to examine the contribution of the joint condition of supervisor close monitoring and the presence of creative coworkers to employees' creativity. In addition to replicating Study 1's results, Study 2 examined (a) the joint condition of supervisor developmental feedback and presence of creative coworkers and (b) whether creative personality moderated the contributions of the 2 joint conditions. Converging results from the 2 field studies demonstrated that when creative coworkers were present, the less supervisors engaged in close monitoring, the more employees exhibited creativity. Study 2 also found that the contribution of this joint condition was stronger for employees with less creative personalities and that when creative coworkers were present, the more supervisors provided developmental feedback, the more employees exhibited creativity.     

赫斯特职业评估系统的修订及地域性常模的初建

该文对美国赫斯特评估系统公司推出的《赫斯特职业评估系统》(1992年版)作了修订。修订工作自1997始,2000年结束。修订后的10项纸笔测验和8项操作测验中,有2项开发出了计算机测试软件并制作了光盘。标准化样组由江苏省13个地级市随机抽样的1320名被试组成。修订的测验结构效度较好,信度较高。     

Newborn infants' sensitivity to perceptual cues to lexical and grammatical words.

In our study newborn infants were presented with lists of lexical and grammatical words prepared from natural maternal speech. The results show that newborns are able to categorically discriminate these sets of words based on a constellation of perceptual cues that distinguish them. This general ability to detect and categorically discriminate sets of words on the basis of multiple acoustic and phonological cues may provide a perceptual base that can help older infants bootstrap into the acquisition of grammatical categories and syntactic structure.     

从中德儿童技术创造性跨文化研究结果看性别差异

研究者通过对中德儿童技术创造性跨文化研究结果的综合分析,着重讨论了在差异心理学领域一直十分受人关注的性别差异问题。结果发现,无论是中国儿童还是德国儿童,无论是超常儿童还是常态儿童,性别差异具有基本稳定的趋势,而且,在不同的方面具有不完全一致的表现形式。具体表现为：（１）在数字、图形和实用创造性思维方面,在中国和德国儿童中都没有发现创造性思维方面的性别差异;（２）在心理折叠、学习爱好、技术问题理解和     

定量运动负荷后间隔不同时间的肘关节动觉方位准确性

该研究以过去研究中发现的定量运动负荷可以显著提高肘关节动觉方位准确性为基础,试图讨论这种定量运动负荷后间隔不同时间的肘关节动觉方位准确性。     

医疗事故纠纷的本质及法律责任

医疗事故纠纷及处理的道德本质和司法原则在于对病人权利的维护。强化医务人员对病人生命与健康的医德责任感和病人权利意识,并使之成为自律、自觉的行为是预防和减少医疗事故纠纷发生的第一要素;而提高医务人员的法律意识,完善法律的制约机制,对医疗事故的防范是同样重要的。