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831.
Klaus D. Kubinger Stefana Holocher‐Ertl Manuel Reif Christine Hohensinn Martina Frebort 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》2010,18(1):111-115
Multiple‐choice response formats are troublesome, as an item is often scored as solved simply because the examinee may be lucky at guessing the correct option. Instead of pertinent Item Response Theory models, which take guessing effects into account, this paper considers a psycho‐technological approach to re‐conceptualizing multiple‐choice response formats. The free‐response format is compared with two different multiple‐choice formats: a traditional format with a single correct response option and five distractors (‘1 of 6’), and another with five response options, three of them being distractors and two of them being correct (‘2 of 5’). For the latter format, an item is scored as mastered only if both correct response options and none of the distractors are marked. After the exclusion of a few items, the Rasch model analyses revealed appropriate fit for 188 items altogether. The resulting item‐difficulty parameters were used for comparison. The multiple‐choice format ‘1 of 6’ differs significantly from the multiple‐choice format ‘2 of 5’, while the latter does not differ significantly from the free‐response format. The lower difficulty of items ‘1 of 6’ suggests guessing effects. 相似文献
832.
Gorkan Ahmetoglu Tomas Chamorro‐Premuzic Adrian Furnham 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》2010,18(2):220-225
This paper investigated whether interpersonal relationship orientation, as measured by the Fundamental Interpersonal Relationship Orientations‐Behaviour (FIRO‐B), predicts ratings of leadership capability and managerial level of attainment. In all, 547 participants reported their managerial level in their organization, and were rated by trained consultants on their leadership capability. Results showed that several scores on the FIRO‐B positively predicted ratings of leadership capability and managerial level reached even after controlling for the effect of intelligence and demographic variables. This study provides some initial evidence for the validity of the FIRO‐B in the prediction of perceptual and objective measures of leadership capability. Implications for selection and assessment are discussed. 相似文献
833.
卵巢肿瘤是妇科常见肿瘤之一,可分为良性、恶性、交界性肿瘤,及时处理卵巢良性肿瘤具有重要意义,但关于如何避免卵巢良性肿瘤的过度治疗,尚无定论。目前为止,关于卵巢肿瘤发生、发展机制的基础研究和诊疗技术正在取得较大的进步,对临床医师发挥着重要的指导和辅助作用。如何正确诊断卵巢良性肿瘤,如何选择合适的手术方式、实现个体化治疗,是避免卵巢良性肿瘤的过度治疗的关键。 相似文献
834.
赵婧 《医学与哲学(人文社会医学版)》2010,31(5):64-66
助产士在近代中国担当着普及现代产科知识、推行分娩卫生的重要角色.她们在助产学校中养成了职业神圣感以及以新法接生为核心的医学技能.然而,毕业后从事助产职业的状况却不容乐观.助产士的职业困境一方面来自旧式产婆的竞争,另一方面则受限于其与产科医生之间的从属关系.这在某种程度上影响了分娩卫生的推行. 相似文献
835.
医疗质量是医疗活动的灵魂与核心,但是国内医疗质量管理较其他发达国家起步晚,许多方面存在差距.从主要的差距入手,寻求我国在进一步提高医疗质量管理上的突破口.主要从医疗质量管理制度体系、评价指标、信息网络利用三个方面分析我国医疗质量管理的现状与国外的差距.为进一步的改进措施提供借鉴与指导. 相似文献
836.
837.
《老子河上公注》以养生长寿为目的,立足于精气神并重的整体生命观,从精神活动的虚静与烦乱、中正与偏颇、内向与外向等不同的角度深入分析了情欲对人精神的完整性的破坏,主张除情去欲,并提出了以大道制御情欲的情欲调节思想方法,形成了系统的情欲论思想。这些思想对后世道教心性论的发展有一定影响。 相似文献
838.
Ria O'Sullivan‐Lago Guida de Abreu 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2010,20(4):275-287
This paper discusses a qualitative study that explores the impact the development of a cultural contact zone has upon identity processes in the Dialogical Self. The analysis draws upon interviews with Irish nationals, immigrants and asylum seekers in a new cultural contact zone. The findings illustrate uncertainty experienced as a result of immigration, suggesting that the development of the contact zone caused cultural discontinuity. The individuals' uncertainty for their cultural identities' future viability demanded the development of identity strategies to maintain continuity with their perceived cultural future, where they were faced with cultural others. Identity repositionings and a strategy to maintain continuity will be explored in the current paper. The Irish and asylum seeker participants' unprompted focus on schooling will be explored as a continuity strategy. The participants constructed schooling as a tool for the ‘cultural correction’ of migrant children and a means for the assimilation of migrants into the Irish community. The paper discusses the function of this strategy for the two groups, and the theoretical integration of cultural level processes in the theory of the Dialogical Self. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
839.
Jacob Z. Hess Danielle Rynczak Joseph D. Minarik Joycelyn Landrum‐Brown 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2010,20(2):156-166
Given the polarization of the early 21st century political atmosphere in the U.S., intergroup dialogue has emerged as a unique alternative setting, with intentions of facilitating a more productive and thoughtful citizen engagement. Although cross‐partisan dialogue efforts are underway in community contexts, they have been slower to reach academic settings. This paper is an exploratory study of our own liberal‐conservative dialogue course at the University of Illinois–the first of its kind, to our knowledge. After describing basic features of the course, we identify themes from student journals and final evaluations suggesting both dialogue benefits and challenges. Finally, we discuss the growing literature around dialogue, questions of its long‐term impact, and larger potential barriers to participation in liberal‐conservative dialogue, specifically. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
840.
Duane T. Wegener Richard E. Petty Kevin L. Blankenship Brian Detweiler‐Bedell 《Journal of Consumer Psychology》2010,20(1):5-16
Researchers across many domains have examined the impact of externally presented numerical anchors on perceiver judgments. In the traditional paradigm, “anchored” judgments are typically explained as a result of elaborate thinking (i.e., confirmatory hypothesis testing that selectively activates anchor-consistent information in memory). Consistent with a long tradition in attitude change, we suggest that the same judgments can result from relatively thoughtful or non-thoughtful processes, with more thoughtful processes resulting in judgments that have more lasting impact. We review recent anchoring research consistent with this elaboration-based perspective and discuss implications for past anchoring results and theory in judgment and decision making. 相似文献