Perceiving verbal and vocal emotions in a second language

Emotional inferences from speech require the integration of verbal and vocal emotional expressions. We asked whether this integration is comparable when listeners are exposed to their native language and when they listen to a language learned later in life. To this end, we presented native and non-native listeners with positive, neutral and negative words that were spoken with a happy, neutral or sad tone of voice. In two separate tasks, participants judged word valence and ignored tone of voice or judged emotional tone of voice and ignored word valence. While native listeners outperformed non-native listeners in the word valence task, performance was comparable in the voice task. More importantly, both native and non-native listeners responded faster and more accurately when verbal and vocal emotional expressions were congruent as compared to when they were incongruent. Given that the size of the latter effect did not differ as a function of language proficiency, one can conclude that the integration of verbal and vocal emotional expressions occurs as readily in one's second language as it does in one's native language.     

童年期创伤对大学生抑郁的影响:早期适应不良图式和负性生活事件的作用

目的:考察早期适应不良图式、负性生活事件在童年期创伤与大学生抑郁间的影响机制。方法:采用童年期创伤问卷、Young图式问卷短版中文修订版、青少年生活事件量表及90项症状自评量表对1423名大学生进行调查,结果表明:(1)童年期创伤既可以直接正向预测大学生抑郁,也可以通过早期适应不良图式中的分离和拒绝、自主性及能力受损两大图式类别间接地正向预测大学生抑郁;(2)负性生活事件调节了早期适应不良图式在童年期创伤与抑郁间的中介作用     

Exploring correlations between positive psychological resources and symptoms of psychological distress among hematological cancer patients: a cross-sectional study

Hematological cancer patients experience high levels of psychological distress during diagnoses and intensive treatments. The aim of the present study is to explore the effects of positive psychological resources on depressive and anxiety symptoms in hematological cancer patients. This survey was conducted in a hospital during the period from July 2013 to April 2014. A total of 300 inpatients were recruited and finally 227 of them completed the questionnaires. Questionnaires included demographic and clinical variables, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale, the Self-Rating Anxiety Scale, the Life Orientation Scale-Revised, the General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Resilience Scale-14. Results showed that the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was 66.1 and 45.8%, respectively. Both optimism (β = ?.479, p < .001) and resilience (β = ?.174, p < .05) were negatively associated with depressive symptoms, and optimism (β = ?.393, p < .001) was negatively associated with anxiety symptoms. However, resilience (β = ?.133, p > .05) was not significantly associated with anxiety symptoms, and self-efficacy was not significantly associated with depressive (β = ?.032, p > .05) or anxiety symptoms (β = ?.055, p > .05). The results suggest that hematological cancer patients who possess high levels of positive psychological resources may have fewer symptoms of psychological distress. The findings indicate that enhancing positive psychological resources can be considered in developing intervention strategies for decreasing depressive and anxiety symptoms.     

Adapting to an initial self-regulatory task cancels the ego depletion effect

The resource-based model of self-regulation provides a pessimistic view of self-regulation that people are destined to lose their self-control after having engaged in any act of self-regulation because these acts deplete the limited resource that people need for successful self-regulation. The cognitive control theory, however, offers an alternative explanation and suggests that the depletion effect reflects switch costs between different cognitive control processes recruited to deal with demanding tasks. This account implies that the depletion effect will not occur once people have had the opportunity to adapt to the self-regulatory task initially engaged in. Consistent with this idea, the present study showed that engaging in a demanding task led to performance deficits on a subsequent self-regulatory task (i.e. the depletion effect) only when the initial demanding task was relatively short but not when it was long enough for participants to adapt. Our results were unrelated to self-efficacy, mood, and motivation.     

方以智的三教融通论

从学科范畴、思想发展历程和思维方式等方面都能看出方以智哲学的融通特性;方以智"参自己本分禅"的禅心观认为,大道本来无常,无需劳神外求,唯心为三教融通的根本;他提倡的三教融通思想,主要指"体无内外,道无彼此"与一二合一的本体融通和"三即一,一即三"与"随"、"泯"、"统"的方法融通;其思想源于儒佛道三家相互融合的悠久历史、家学渊源和"归异于同"的方法等.     

少数民族大学生自我同一性的发展特点研究

本研究以少数民族大学生为研究对象,使用自我同一性状态客观测量的标准化问卷,对少数民族大学生的自我同一性发展规律进行分析,研究结果发现:(1)少数民族大学生自我同一性的发展是一个逐渐变化的过程,从一年级到三年级呈波浪式的发展趋势,二年级的自我同一性发展状况最好,并且在人际领域和意识领域的发展形态略不同。(2)相比男生,女生更容易形成同一性前闭状态,并且更容易在人际领域处于同一性混乱状态。文科学生较理科学生更多处于同一性前闭状态。(3)少数民族大学生在自我同一性获得和自我同一性混乱状态存在显著的年级差异。     

一次实现历史性突破的年会——记中国无神论学会2009年学术年会暨“无神论研究与新中国60年”学术研讨会

<正>2009年12月12～13日,中国无神论学会2009年学术年会暨"无神论研究与新中国60年"学术研讨会在上海师范大学举行。这次会议由中国无神论学会、上海社会科学院宗教所和上海师范大学哲学系三家联     

印度如来藏学的基本义理

本文旨在介绍如来藏学的基本义理,主要从"宣说如来藏之意趣"、"信心与发心之所依"、"如来藏殊胜之体性"以及"转依与果德之成就"等四个方面论述其义.这四方面不外乎即是修习佛法的一套程序,分别涵盖了信、解、行、证等次第.     

市场条件下中国的阶层分化与劳资冲突--与马克思时代对比

马克思、恩格斯认为,资本主义社会的自由市场经济将不可避免地导致社会结构的演变,其主要特征是资本家与工人阶级在权力、收入方面的分化与两个阶级之间的对立,这一对立由于其不可调和性而必然导致资本主义社会的灭亡.本文通过对市场经济在当代中国所导致的社会结构变化,特别是所引致的劳资关系状况的研究,认为在变化了的情况下,中国尽管同样出现了劳方与资方在权力、收入维度上的分化,但是因中间阶层的出现而更多地呈现出"层级谱系"特征,这一多阶层的共存在一定程度上缓解了马克思时代的"二元阶级对立".但是,由此出现的阶层间的结盟和风险转嫁会使社会低层处于不利的境地.