印照三江 光耀五洲——纪念印祖生西八十周年

自1840年第一次鸦片战争掀开中国近代史的一页,直至1949年中华人民共和国成立,百年间历史风云诡谲,社会动荡不安。中国社会经历着剧烈的历史变革,政局不稳、思想不安,延续了三千多年的文化传统和价值观受到严峻的冲击,佛教也在风云变幻中跌宕沉浮。     

中国华北地区城市与乡村基督教徒对死亡认识的比较研究

通过对城市和乡村基督教徒关于死亡和濒死态度的比较研究,探索城市和乡村基督教信徒对死亡和濒死态度的差异性及形成原因,为死亡教育和临终关怀服务的开展进行理论探索。本文认为城市教徒在对死亡和濒死的理解和态度方面比张庄地区教徒更现实、更世俗化,在思想与行为方面发生一定程度的异化。而乡村教徒对于基督教教义中关于死亡和濒死的论述认可程度较高,在思想和行为上更接近于基督教关于死亡和濒死的论述。     

Maternal Life Stress and Subsequent Chinese Toddlers’ Social Adjustment: The Moderating Role of Inhibitory Control

The current study examined the links between maternal life stress and subsequent toddler behavior problems and social competence, as well as the potential moderating effects of cool and hot inhibitory control (IC) in mainland China. Participants included 89 mothers and their infants (42 boys, 47 girls). Mothers completed self-report measure of maternal life stress when their children were 1 year of age (M?=?1.18, SD?=?.07 at Time 1), and reported on their children’s social adjustment using the Chinese version of Infant-Toddler Social and Emotional Assessment (CITSEA) at Time 1 and again a year later (M?=?2.06, SD?=?.09 at Time 2). Toddler IC was assessed with laboratory tasks at Time 2. Structural equation modeling with a bootstrap resample of 1000 indicated that cool IC significantly moderated the longitudinal association between maternal life stress (T1) and latent construct of toddler behavior problems (T2), controlling for behavior problems at Time 1, child age and maternal age. Specifically, maternal life stress was associated with subsequent behavior problems only for toddlers who were low in cool IC. In comparison to the results of behavior problems, high levels of maternal life stress predicted subsequent low levels of social competence. Neither cool IC nor hot IC served as the moderator in the association between maternal life stress (T1) and toddler social competence (T2). These findings indicated that toddler cool IC may promote resilient adaptation and modify the links between maternal life stress and toddler behavior problems but not social competence.     

General Need for Autonomy and Subjective Well-Being: A Meta-Analysis of Studies in the US and East Asia

Self-determination theory proposes that human beings have universal basic psychological needs for autonomy, competence, and relatedness, which when satisfied lead to well-being. The current meta-analysis synthesized the correlations between the need for autonomy and subjective well-being. More specifically, because some researchers have questioned the role of autonomy in well-being in non-Western cultures, our meta-analysis focused on the results reported from studies conducted in the United States (US, a typical individualist culture) and East Asian countries (typical collectivist cultures). Random-effects analyses using 36 independent samples (22 from the US and 14 from East Asian samples including China and Japan) totaling 12,906 participants showed a moderate correlation (r = .46, p < .001) between autonomy and subjective well-being. The difference between correlations for studies conducted in the East and West was not significant (Δr = .05, p > .05). Overall, this study lends support to self-determination theory’s proposition that autonomy is a universal psychological need and provides suggestions for cultural practices and policies.     

论西周易卦与《易经》

中国易学史在经历了由伏羲时代到炎黄时代再到夏商时代的滥觞期之后,迨西周初期则呈现出甲骨易卦和金文易卦并蒂兴盛的璀璨局面;到了西周中后期,又出现了陶文易卦,特别是陶拍易卦的出现,说明《易经》六十四卦的卦序结构已从根本上解决。这一切充分说明:《易经》一书在经历了数千年的怀胎之后,到了西周中后期,正在履行它的一朝分娩之重任。     

论《管子》的“谨慎”思想及其对现代的启迪

《管子》中多次论述了＂谨慎＂,告诫人们：＂昔者圣王本厚民生,审知祸福之所生,是故慎小事微,违非索辩以根之＂;＂君之所慎者四：一曰大德不至仁,不可以授国柄。二曰见贤不能让,不可与尊位。三曰罚避亲贵,不可使主兵。四曰不好本事,不务地利而轻赋敛,不可与都邑＂;＂欲民之谨小礼、行小义、修小廉、饬小耻、禁微邪,此厉民之道也。民之谨小礼、行小义、修小廉、饬小耻、禁微邪,治之本也＂,其思想对现代有启迪和现实意义。     

Emotional reactions to scandals: When does moral character make a difference?

A scandal can evoke public outrage when it is widely publicized and involves an individual who is perceived to have a high level of cultural representativeness. Two experiments showed that when the scandalous target's moral character was highlighted, emotional responses towards the target were least negative when the scandal was widely circulated and when the target was seen as a representative of his culture. These results suggest that when a cultural symbol is implicated in a widely‐circulated scandal, the negative emotions directed towards the scandalous individual can be alleviated when the public remains confident in his or her commitment to morality.     

国外心理契约破坏及结果变量与调节变量：述评与展望

心理契约破坏是个体对组织未能履行其在心理契约中应承担责任的认知评价。文章首先结合以往研究探讨了心理契约破坏与相应结果变量的关系,然后探讨了调节变量的作用,最后从被试群体、研究方法及理论模型的构建上对未来研究进行了展望。     

部分线索效应的作用机制

部分线索效应指让学习者学习一系列材料,在随后的测试阶段,给学习者提供先前学习的部分材料作为提取线索,让学习者回忆剩余的材料,其回忆成绩反而比没有提取线索时回忆成绩差。该效应的经典理论模型主要有组织干扰假说和提取抑制假说。由于它们有许多分歧之处,最近提出的双机制解释试图将二者融合,显示了诸多优势,但同时也存在一些缺陷。对双机制解释的进一步探索应侧重于确定组织干扰的量、探讨部分线索相对持久抑制作用的过程、界定组织干扰假说和提取抑制假说的关系,此外对部分线索效应在实际学习生活中的检验也很重要。