人-组织匹配研究的新进展

本文概述了国外关于人-组织匹配研究的最新发展。人-组织匹配简称P-O匹配,它强调组织成员的个人特征与组织特征之问的相容性。P-O匹配不仅使组织能更好地吸引、选拔和留住高素质人才。而且也有利于提高员工工作绩效和满意感。     

帝国汪洋中的"孤岛"--从清代四川看天主教在汉地的农耕社区

本文通过文献资料的发掘和实地考察,整理出清代四川天主教社区分布情况,归纳出教徒社区形成的三种模式:宗族繁衍型社区、乡邻同化型社区、教点扩张型社区.探讨整合社区的伦理、宗教、经济和政治的原则和方法.从历史上的民教纠纷中,提炼出教徒区与社会在宗教上的对抗.通过几个典型案例,看教徒区在清朝时期的稳定性与脆弱性.特殊背景下壮大起来的天主教社区,在改变了小群体的信仰的时候,也在制造社会的动荡、造成内部的撕裂.     

论康德的政治哲学

康德的"永久和平"(der ewige Friede)概念是其政治哲学的核心.在康德之前,马基亚维里、格劳秀斯、普芬道夫、博丹、霍布斯这些近代政治哲学和国际法学的奠基人都对永久和平的理想不屑一顾.只有圣·皮埃尔神甫的《欧洲永久和平的方案》和卢梭的和平观念构成了康德"永久和平"概念的直接源头.在《永久和平论》中,康德从自由的实践理性原则出发,并提出,共和国家的自由联盟是永久和平的基础,并给出了一整套关于世界公民权利的"世界公民主义"(Cosmopolitanism),给出了今天人们称之为"自由主义的国际主义"的哲学论证.这个思想对哈贝马斯和罗尔斯这些当代政治哲学家的思想产生了很大影响.     

试论管仲人才思想中的民本因素--以《管子》为中心

民本思想是齐文化的重要组成部分,也是管仲施政思想的基石,其言论．行动中都展示着民本思想的精华。而体现管仲思想的《管子》一书,对人才思想有较系统的论述。本文试以管仲为例,以《管子》一书为中心,来探析其人才思想中的民本因素,即“任其所长,不任其所短”的人才原则,包括其产生原因、表现方式、对后世所带来的社会影响等。     

The perception of color from motion

We introduce and explore a color phenomenon which requires the prior perception of motion to produce a spread of color over a region defined by motion. We call this motion-induced spread of colordynamic color spreading. The perception of dynamic color spreading is yoked to the perception of apparent motion: As the ratings of perceived motion increase, the ratings of color spreading increase. The effect is most pronounced if the region defined by motion is near 1° of visual angle. As the luminance     

Enhancement of hardening and thermal resistance of Mg–Sn-based alloys by addition of Cu and Al

Mg–Sn-based alloys are considered as a promising precipitation-hardening system for applications at elevated temperatures, but the hardening effect is not satisfactory owing to sluggish nucleation and rapid coarsening of the major Mg₂Sn lath precipitates. In this study, Cu and Al are added to a Mg–6Sn–1Mn base alloy. The age-hardening response and the microstructures of these modified alloys have been investigated and are compared to that of the base alloy. The additional elements are found to bring several beneficial effects to the alloys for applications at elevated temperatures. Firstly, a eutectic structure consisting of strong intermetallic phases, i.e. Mg₂Cu in the Mg–6Sn–1Mn–2Cu alloy and Al_0.93Cu_1.07Mg in the Mg–6Sn–1Mn–2Cu–2Al alloy, remains stable along the grain boundaries after solution and ageing heat treatments. Secondly, the precipitate density has been increased significantly and the precipitate size has been refined remarkably during ageing at 200?°C. Moreover, the growth of the precipitates is inhibited remarkably during the over-ageing period. Therefore, the age-hardening response and over-ageing resistance are notably improved.     

西方哲学心智转向对心理学的影响

心智哲学是20世纪中末期西方哲学所发生的继语言(义)学转向和语用学转向之后的一次重要转向,它为心理学提供了新的元理论和方法论。(1)为心理学提供了"心智-语言-世界"新的世界观;(2)从哲学角度对人的心理进行了探讨,促进了哲学与心理学的结合并互哺;(3)促使人们对"人是什么"重新审视与理解;(4)引发了对以往心理学尤其是主流心理学的基石——身心二元论的质疑;(5)催生了第二代认知科学、活动主义、情境认知等新取向的兴起。它对心理学有很大启示:第一,人工智能、动物研究等研究是有限度的;第二,应重视身体的作用;第三,应重视人的意向性,注重隐喻分析;第四,应关注人的存在,尤其是生命的意义。     

Relationship between the fatigue cracking probability and the grain-boundary category

In this paper, the probability of fatigue cracking along different kinds of grain boundary (GB) and persistent slip bands (PSBs) is considered in the light of data obtained by cyclic deformation of copper bicrystals and columnar crystals. It is found that, in copper bicrystals, fatigue cracks always nucleate and propagate along large-angle GBs, irrespective of whether the GB is perpendicular, parallel or inclined to the stress axis. On the contrary, for columnar copper crystals containing small-angle GBs, PSB-matrix interfaces become the preferential sites for initiation of fatigue crack; fatigue cracking along the small-angle GBs was never observed. For a special [1-34]/[182^-7] copper bicrystal with a Sigma = 19b GB and a common primary slip plane, GB cracking also results in fatigue failure. Based on the results above, the interactions of dislocations carried by PSBs with GBs, including 'pile-up of dislocations', 'passing through of dislocations' and 'partial passing-through dislocations', are discussed. It is suggested that the probability of fatigue cracking in fatigued copper crystals increases in the order of small-angle GBs, PSBs and large-angle GBs.     

青少年时间管理倾向量表的编制

时间管理倾向是个体在运用时间方式上所表现出来的心理和行为特征,具有多维度多层次的心理结构。参照有关文献并结合国内的广泛调查研究,编制出我国青少年时间管理倾向量表。通过对1027名大中学生的探索性因素分析和507名大中学生的验证性因素分析,结果表明时间管理倾向问卷由时间价值感(社会取向和个人取向的时间价值感)、时间监控观(设置目标、计划、优先级、时间分配和反馈性)和时间效能感(时间管理效能和时间管理行为效能)三个维度构成。该量表的因素结构清晰,信度和效度较好,可以作为评鉴青少年时间管理倾向的有效工具。     

类比迁移发生机制的研究

本研究包含两个实验,探讨类比迁移发生的机制。实验一主要探索类比迁移中的图式归纳是一种自动加工还是控制加工。实验二主要探索类比迁移中的图式归纳是保留性的还是排除性的。本实验结果表明,类比迁移中的图式归纳主要是控制加工,是一种保留性的归纳。