入世出世心理对压力和心理健康的中介作用

以319名大一学生为被试研究入世出世心理对压力和心理健康的中介作用,结果发现：（1）平常心对压力和生活满意度起部分中介作用,拼搏精神对压力和自尊起部分中介作用。（2）平常心对压力和心理症状总分、自卑、网络成瘾、敌对起部分中介作用,拼搏精神对压力和人际过敏、抑郁起部分中介作用。说明拼搏精神与平常心能缓减压力对心理健康的消极影响,培养拼搏精神和平常心是应对压力的有效途径。     

Depth of phonological recoding in short-term memory

In testing the hypothesis that surface phonetic form is included in short-term memory (STM) representation, the tone sandhi phenomenon in Mandarin Chinese was exploited, and, as a prerequisite, the hypothesis that tonal similarity affects STM of verbal material in a tone language was also tested. In Experiment 1, subjects recalled visually presented sequences of seven monosyllabic Chinese morphemes having either the same tone or different tones. More errors were made on the monotonal sequences than on the multitonal sequences, confirming the effect of tonal similarity on STM. In Experiment 2, subjects recalled visually presented sequences of disyllabic nonsense words. The sequences were designed in such a way that half of them were subject to the tone sandhi rule in Mandarin Chinese, whereas the other half were not. The consequence of applying the tone sandhi rule, as designed, was to make all the first characters in the sequences identical in pronunciation, thus creating potential phonological confusion. More errors, indeed, occurred on the sequences subject to the tone sandhi rule than on those not subject to it, indicating the existence of a surface phonetic representation in STM. The findings in this study provide further insight into the phonological mechanism of STM. Different accounts for this mechanism are also discussed in the light of the new findings.     

重庆市直辖以来卫生资源配置公平性研究

采用基尼系数方法从人口和地理分布两个方面定量分析重庆市卫生资源配置的公平性.重庆市主要卫生资源中,护士的基尼系数最高;重庆市的三个经济区域中,都市发达经济圈的基尼系数最高;资源按地理配置的公平性要差于按人口配置.重庆市护理人员严重不足且分布不公平,资源地理配置的公平性有待改善.     

浅谈影像诊断思维特征

人类的科学思维方式是一个多层次、多形态、多要素的系统.对每一种事物的认识过程都有特定的思维方式.疾病的诊断是一个主观反映客观的认识过程,反映客观的真实程度愈高,诊断的正确性愈高,而客观真实性的再现,在相当程度上取决于人的主观意识,人的主观意识又通过人的思维活动来实现.所以,人的思维在疾病的诊断中占有重要意义.而医学影像诊断思维又有其特点,即以形象思维为先导,以逻辑思维来归结,又有非逻辑思维闪现,如直觉、灵感、经验思维.只有各种思维形式有机的交叉运用,才能得出最接近真实的诊断结论.     

中西比较的新思路:哲学拓扑学的视野

哲学研究的生命在于从习以为常的日常概念中发现问题,从而推进我们对这些概念的认识。在这种意义上,哲学研究也是一种创造性活动。伍晓明先生和江怡先生在英国牛津大学的一番对话,试图通过揭示中国文化中的"天命"概念的哲学意蕴及其与西方哲学的重要差别,说明中西文化在思想出发点上的根本差别;同时,他们对"哲学拓扑学"的讨论,有助于我们加深对中西文化特征的认识,并由此开启新的研究思路。     

论西方环境伦理学对我国生态文明理论研究的影响

以"人类是否对自然承担直接道德义务"的问题为根据,可以将西方环境伦理学划分为非人类中心主义和人类中心主义两种类型。这两种类型的环境伦理学存在尖锐的分歧和激烈的争论背后却具有理论基础、价值立场的一致性。从理论基础的一致性看,它们都割裂自然观与历史观的辩证统一关系,这使得它们不去探讨一定的社会制度和生产方式下人类和自然之间的实际的物质与能量交换关系是如何断裂的,进而把生态危机的本质归结为生态价值观的危机,秉承的都是一种抽象的文化价值决定论;从价值立场的一致性看,它们不仅都是为资本主义制度和生产方式辩护的伦理学,而且漠视人民群众和发展中国家为了消除贫困追求生存的发展权与环境权,是一种以追求"生活质量为导向"的"西方中心主义"的环境伦理学。我国的生态文明理论研究开始于对西方环境伦理学的引进、评介,由此形成借鉴或认同人类中心主义或非人类中心主义两种类型的生态文明理论。随着学术界对西方环境伦理学在理论基础和价值立场上的缺陷的认识更加深入,学术界提出了环境伦理学本土化的理论主张,这也使得学术界开始运用马克思主义关于人与自然关系的理论,在吸收西方环境伦理学积极成果的基础上,建构中国形态的生态文明理论,...     

The contribution of self-compassion in the relationship between social support and posttraumatic growth

IntroductionDespite well-established evidence on the relationship between social support and posttraumatic growth (PTG), there remains a paucity of evidence regarding the mechanism that underlie this relationship.ObjectiveThis study examined the relationship between social support and PTG, while exploring self-compassion as an intermediatory factor in this association.MethodA cross-sectional study with 447 college students was conducted in Trabzon, Turkey. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling (SEM).ResultsResults indicated that perceived social support and self-compassion were associated with PTG. Furthermore, a significant indirect effect between social support and PTG via self-compassion emerged.ConclusionBased on the study findings, tailored intervention programs targeting self-compassion and perceived social support in trauma-exposed young adults may be useful for promoting posttraumatic growth.     

The Impact of Perceived Discrimination on Mental Health Among Chinese Migrant and Left-Behind Children: A Meta-analysis

In China, rural–urban migration is one of major influences on the mental health of migrant and left-behind children. Literature suggests that the perception of discrimination is an important factor that influences the mental health of these children. The present research explores (1) whether migrant children and left-behind children are different in the relationship between the perception of discrimination and mental health, and (2) whether the relationship between the perception of discrimination and mental health of these children is moderated by gender and age. Using a meta-analytic technique, the authors included 26 studies (generating 48 independent samples) with a total sample size of 28,883 participants. Results showed that the perception of discrimination of migrant children was negatively correlated with positive indicators of mental health, and it has a stronger effect than left-behind children; the perception of discrimination of migrant children was positively correlated with negative indicators of mental health, and it has a weaker effect than left-behind children. Additionally, gender moderated the relationship between the perception of discrimination and the positive indicators of mental health among left-behind children, while age moderated such relationship among migrant children.

     

英国哲学研究现状及其简要分析

[作者说明]2007年我受国家留学基金委的资助,到英国进行为期半年的学术访问,走访了英国的几所主要大学哲学系,采访了许多英国著名哲学家,查阅了大量英国哲学最新研究资料,参加了在英国召开的各种国际学术研讨会,对英国哲学的研究现状有了进一步的了解。根据我所了解的情况,我对英国哲学的研究现状做出如下简要分析,供参考。     

Differences in Beliefs About Psychological Services in the Relationship Between Sociorace and One's Social Network

The roles of previous psychological service use and social network variables in beliefs about psychological services were examined with 184 college students. Having friends and family members who used psychological services, being female, and having used psychological services positively related with beliefs about psychological services. Socioracial differences in the effects of previous use of psychological services and social network variables on students’ beliefs about psychological services were found. Suggestions for ways counselors can provide support to students are discussed.