药学监护中的人文关怀对推动合理用药的影响与思考

药物是治疗疾病的物质基础,要真正做到药到病除,合理用药才是关键.对患者进行药学监护是现代医院药学发展的新趋势,在药学监护的基础上进行必要的人文关怀目的就是为了更好的推动合理用药.药学监护中的人文关怀可以明显提高患者的用药依从性,从而减少药物不良反应(ADR)推动合理用药,对提高医院的整体医疗质量具有重大意义.     

我国院前急救人员被忽视的若干问题与对策

院前急救是我国急救医疗服务体系的薄弱环节,目前尚存在一些问题.本文分析了我国院前急救人员被忽视的若干问题:(1)院前急救人员的营养问题;(2)院前急救人员的心理问题;(3)院前急救人员的个人防护问题;(4)医疗救护员职业设置问题;(5)院前急救成功率问题;(6)急救反应时间问题;(7)院前急救人员的语言国际化问题;(8)急救车辆标识问题;(9)院前急救人员性别组成问题;(10)院前急救人员哲学理念缺失问题等,并提出了解决这些问题的相应对策.对我国院前急救事业的改革和发展或有促进作用.     

Working memory can enhance unconscious visual perception

We demonstrate that unconscious processing of a stimulus property can be enhanced when there is a match between the contents of working memory and the stimulus presented in the visual field. Participants first held a cue (a colored circle) in working memory and then searched for a brief masked target shape presented simultaneously with a distractor shape. When participants reported having no awareness of the target shape at all, search performance was more accurate in the valid condition, where the target matched the cue in color, than in the neutral condition, where the target mismatched the cue. This effect cannot be attributed to bottom-up perceptual priming from the presentation of a memory cue, because unconscious perception was not enhanced when the cue was merely perceptually identified but not actively held in working memory. These findings suggest that reentrant feedback from the contents of working memory modulates unconscious visual perception.     

Ethnic and mainstream social connectedness, perceived racial discrimination, and posttraumatic stress symptoms

Carter (2007) proposed the notion of race-based traumatic stress and argued that experiences of racial discrimination can be viewed as a type of trauma. In a sample of 383 Chinese international students at 2 predominantly White midwestern universities, the present results supported this notion and found that perceived racial discrimination predicted posttraumatic stress symptoms over and above perceived general stress. Furthermore, Berry (1997) proposed an acculturation framework and recommended that researchers advance the literature by examining the moderation effects on the association between racial discrimination and outcomes. The present results supported the moderation effect for Ethnic SC (i.e., social connectedness in the ethnic community), but not for Mainstream SC (i.e., social connectedness in mainstream society). A simple effects analysis indicated that a high Ethnic SC weakened the strength of the association between perceived racial discrimination and posttraumatic stress symptoms more than a low Ethnic SC. Moreover, although Mainstream SC failed to be a moderator, Mainstream SC was significantly associated with less perceived general stress, less perceived racial discrimination, and less posttraumatic stress symptoms.     

工作情境中的人格研究：回顾与展望

人格研究对任何层次的组织行为都产生了深远的影响,大量元分析都显示了人格特质对工作动机、工作绩效、员工幸福感、压力与应对、团队效能、冲突与谈判、权利与政治、领导以及反组织行为等组织行为指标具有良好的预测力。但是人格研究在组织中的应用因为人格测验的效度和被试在测验中“作假”而饱受争议和批评。人格理论的拓展及其跨文化的适用性,人格特质的负面作用以及结合组织情境的动态研究都是今后研究值得关注和探索的方向。     

Working memory biasing of visual perception without awareness

Previous research has demonstrated that the contents of visual working memory can bias visual processing in favor of matching stimuli in the scene. However, the extent to which such top-down, memory-driven biasing of visual perception is contingent on conscious awareness remains unknown. Here we showed that conscious awareness of critical visual cues is dispensable for working memory to bias perceptual selection mechanisms. Using the procedure of continuous flash suppression, we demonstrated that “unseen” visual stimuli during interocular suppression can gain preferential access to awareness if they match the contents of visual working memory. Strikingly, the very same effect occurred even when the visual cue to be held in memory was rendered nonconscious by masking. Control experiments ruled out the alternative accounts of repetition priming and different detection criteria. We conclude that working memory biases of visual perception can operate in the absence of conscious awareness.     

无图无真相？图片和文字网络评论对服务产品消费者态度的影响

图片和文字是网络评论的两种主要形式.该研究以酒店产品为例,通过两个实验考察了图片和文字网络评论在不同时间距离和社会距离情境下对服务产品消费者态度的影响.实验一结果表明,远期消费者产品态度受到文字评论影响更大;而近期消费者受到图片评论的影响更大.实验二结果表明,与评论者社会距离远的消费者态度受到文字评论的影响更大;与评论者社会距离近的消费者受图片评论的影响更大.最后,提出了管理建议.     

Motivational cues: The role of perceived senders' self‐control ability in raters' deception judgements

Previous studies have found that senders' personal traits may be used by others to make judgements about the senders' truthfulness. Two studies were conducted to examine whether perceived self‐control ability has an effect on deception judgement. Perceived self‐control was hypothesized to act as a motivational cue that participants would use to assess the sender's motivation to lie, which in turn would influence their deception judgement. Results revealed that when participants assessed the sender as having higher self‐control ability, they would consider the sender to be less motivated to lie in daily life (Study 1), and judge the sender more truthful in a text‐based deception judgement task (Study 2). However, the effect of perceived self‐control ability disappeared in a video‐based task (Study 2), likely due to the multitude of various cues available in audio‐visual stimuli. The theoretical and applied implications of the results are discussed.