句子加工的脑成像研究

近年来句子加工的脑成像研究大量涌现,并集中于揭示句子语义与语法加工的神经机制以及之间的联系。文章首先对这些研究所采用的范式加以分析与比较,从而将句子加工脑成像研究的研究思路与常用范式进行了归纳与总结。其次,讨论了语义加工与语法加工的神经机制,并根据现有的研究结果,对句子语义与语法两个成分在认知加工与神经机制上的共性与特性做出推论。最后,从语言的多样性以及影响句子加工的因素两个角度,对以后的句子加工脑成像研究做了展望。     

选择性注意的分心物加工机制对工作记忆的影响

通过实验法严格筛选被试,探讨了在有无分心物干扰的条件下,选择性注意的分心物加工机制(分心物抑制机制、分心物习惯化机制)对工作记忆的影响。结果揭示了,分心物抑制机制不仅能影响工作记忆的储存而且还影响工作记忆的加工;而习惯化机制只影响工作记忆的储存,不影响工作记忆的加工。     

Cultural Intelligence and International Leadership Potential: The Importance of Contact for Members of the Majority

Integrating distinctiveness theory and contact theory, we develop a conceptual model proposing that prior intercultural contact has mediated effects on international leadership potential via cultural intelligence—but that these effects are stronger for majorities. Results of two samples of working adults, using both self‐report (n= 441, Study 1) and matched employee‐observer (n= 181, Study 2) data provide strong support for the model. Cultural intelligence mediates the effects of prior intercultural contact on international leadership potential. Further, moderated mediation analyses demonstrate that cultural intelligence mediates the relationship between prior intercultural contact and international leadership potential for majorities, but not for minorities. The current study offers contributions to theory and practice in at least two ways. First, the proposed model is theoretically important because it provides a more complete picture of predictors of international leadership potential and it reconciles prior inconsistent findings by showing the mediating role of cultural intelligence and moderating role of minority status. Second, the study adds to the increasing evidence suggesting that prior intercultural contact and cultural intelligence are meaningful criteria for developing international leaders. More important, results show that prior intercultural contact is especially important for majorities.     

当代世界宗教发展趋势问题(节选)

根据我们对当代宗教的了解,特别是宗教与政 治具有密切关系的特征,可以认为宗教具有以下的 发展趋势: 其一,宗教将继续面临来自内外的挑战 一方面,它的内部将继续发生分化。随着生活 现代化、世俗化的发展,传统宗教将进一步衰落, 人们对宗教的冷漠态度仍然会继续下去。各个宗教 内部的调整、更新、改革,仍会继续进行下去,自     

“做中学”科学教育对儿童情绪表现的影响

儿童所具有的情绪能力在其以后发展过程中的重要作用,鉴于此,本文在总结国内外研究的基础上编制了儿童情绪表现的教师问卷,通过他评法对汕头市参与"做中学"科学教育项目的四所幼儿园的277名儿童进行随机抽查,结果显示"做中学"科学教育课程对儿童在确信度上具有非常显著的积极作用.儿童入园时间越长,代表他所接受的"做中学"课程培训的时甸也就越长,其确信度得分也越高.     

用模糊数学方法预测商品喜爱度的实验性探索

本研究是一种运用模糊数学方法来预测商品喜爱度的实验性探索。 从实验一中取得被试对一种商品的单维评价[R′_(ji)]和综合评价[B_j],然后根据导出权数集[A_i]。 从实验二中取得被试对另一种同类商品的单维评价[R″_(ji)],然后与[A_i]加权,就预测出第二种同类商品的综合喜爱度[B_j]。 经验证,此种预测是可行的。并且它比其它预测方法更准确,更简便。     

Synelfin Regulation during the Critical Period for Song Learning in Normal and Isolated Juvenile Zebra Finches

Male zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) learn to sing during a critical period in adolescence. We previously described a presynaptic protein, synelfin, whose mRNA is increased early in this critical period in a brain nucleus specifically implicated in song learning, lateral MAN (lMAN). In the current study, in situ hybridization was used to map this change in gene expression to the subregion of lMAN that projects to the robust nucleus of the archistriatum (RA), the principal motor output of the telencephalic circuit that controls song production. Using confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, we detected numerous puncta of synelfin immunoreactivity that apparently represent presynaptic terminals from lMAN in the RA of young males. Synelfin immunoreactivity in RA declined abruptly between 40 and 45 days of age, a time of major synaptic reorganization in RA. This change did not occur until about 10 days after the decline in synelfin mRNA in cell bodies within lMAN, indicating a relatively slow turnover of the protein in presynaptic terminals and suggesting that some of the functional changes that occur during the critical period may arise from regulatory decisions that were initiated a week or more earlier. Depriving birds of tutoring did not halt or delay the decline of synelfin mRNA in lMAN. This change in gene expression must not be a consequence of early song learning, but may reflect an innate or programmed step in song circuit development.     

应激对大鼠行为和部分脑区谷氨酸含量的影响

以旷场试验法测定动物在急、慢性躯体性和心理性应激时的行为变化,以快速断头冷冻匀浆法,用ＨＩＴＡＣＨＩ－８３５氨基酸分析仪测定应激各期视皮层、海马、下丘脑、小脑谷氨酸含量。并对正常动物经侧脑室微量注射Ｌ－ＡＰ４后观察行为变化。结果显示,急性应激期动物行为活动增加,慢性应激期减少：应激时,大鼠部分脑区的谷氨酸含量与对照组相比在不同时期呈显著性差异;侧脑室微量注射Ｌ－ＡＰ４提示行为活动减弱可能与脑内Ｇｌｕ系统的活动有关。     

字符的知觉表征及其启动

实验以英文单词,汉字和图片为材料,采用速示补笔测验测量了大脑左右半球的启动效应。结果是,如果学习与测验的字体和大小不变,则视觉启动右半球高于左半球。其他材料不产生这种效应。这表明,至少有一个分离的系统对构成启动的汉字的视觉表征进行编码,此系统在右半球表征形状特异形状特异信息更有效;对字符抽象特征的表征,两半球无显著差异,速示补笔测量的是前语义水平的知觉表征,是一种知觉（数据驱动）内隐记忆测验。     

The perception of color from motion

We introduce and explore a color phenomenon which requires the prior perception of motion to produce a spread of color over a region defined by motion. We call this motion-induced spread of colordynamic color spreading. The perception of dynamic color spreading is yoked to the perception of apparent motion: As the ratings of perceived motion increase, the ratings of color spreading increase. The effect is most pronounced if the region defined by motion is near 1° of visual angle. As the luminance