Continuous and discontinuous drawing: high temporal variability exists only in discontinuous circling in young children

The authors studied whether the drawing variability in young children is best explicable by (a) demands on the explicit timing system, (b) an underdeveloped ability to control limb dynamics, or (c) both. The explicit timing demands were lower in continuous drawing in comparison with the discontinuous task. The authors manipulated limb dynamics by changing the number of joints involved, with line drawing requiring fewer joints than circle drawing. Results showed that young children had high temporal variability in discontinuous circling but not in other conditions. The authors argue that both explicit timing and dynamic complexity of limb control may be determinants of temporal consistency and may thus play an important role in the development of drawing and writing skills in children.     

The “Obama Effect”: How a salient role model reduces race-based performance differences

Barack Obama, the first Black-American president, has been widely heralded as a role model for Black-Americans because he inspires hope. The current study was conducted to assess whether, beyond simply inspiring hope, this “Obama Effect” has a concrete positive influence on Black-Americans’ academic performance. Over a three-month period we administered a verbal exam to four separate groups of Black- and White-American participants at four predetermined times. When Obama’s stereotype-defying accomplishments garnered national attention - just after his convention speech, and election to the presidency - they had a profound beneficial effect on Black-Americans’ exam performance, such that the negative effects of stereotype threat were dramatically reduced. This effect occurred even when concerns about racial stereotypes continued to exist. The fact that we found performance effects with a random sample of American participants, far removed from any direct contact with Obama, attests to the powerful impact of ingroup role models.     

大学生人格评定的和谐追求——200个人格词汇喜好度中美对比研究

本研究选取Anderson1968年研究中的200个核心人格特质词汇,请165名在校大学生对词汇进行喜好度评定.对比Anderson(1968)的研究结果,发现:1)中西方被试均将真诚评定为最受欢迎的个性品质;2)中国被试作答较少出现极端值;3)中国被试评出的前10位积极品质均与人际和谐有关;而西方被试评出的前10位积极品质主要涉及诚信和个人能力两方面;4)中西方被试评出的前10位消极词汇均为他相关词汇,并和积极词汇相对应.     

趋化因子10与临床疾病关系的研究进展

趋化因子10（CXCL10）是由干扰素诱导产生,过去又把它称为干扰素-γ诱导蛋白10（IFN—γIndueible protein 10）。其具有强大的招募中性粒细胞、促进多种细胞因子分泌及抑制部分肿瘤生长等多种生物学作用。在慢性炎症、过敏性炎症、自身免疫性疾病、移植物排斥反应和肿瘤等多种疾病的病理过程中起重要作用。     

重庆市直辖以来卫生资源配置公平性研究

采用基尼系数方法从人口和地理分布两个方面定量分析重庆市卫生资源配置的公平性。重庆市主要卫生资源中,护士的基尼系数最高;重庆市的三个经济区域中,都市发达经济圈的基尼系数最高;资源按地理配置的公平性要差于按人口配置。重庆市护理人员严重不足且分布不公平,资源地理配置的公平性有待改善。     

中国传统诚信观的演变及其特征

中国传统诚信观在春秋以前萌芽,形成于春秋至战国时期,秦汉时期被规范化,宋明时期具有强烈的哲理化倾向,到明清时期走向了实用化的道路.中国传统诚信观具有强烈的自律倾向、浓郁的情感色彩和单向的道德义务的基本特点.     

“就是给病人做了点东西”——访著名骨科专家卢世璧院士

翻开卢世璧院士的简历,一连串的首创性成果格外引人注目:在国内首先开展了人工关节的系列研究及临床应用;率先开展火器性周围神经伤的自体神经移植;首创形状记忆合金棒治疗脊柱侧弯;第一个研制成功国产关节连续被动活动器(CPM机);首先采用微波热疗治疗骨肿瘤;首先利用引导性组织再生概念进行长骨再生实验研究;在国内最先建立冷冻干燥骨库……。     

The ameliorating effect of oroxylin A on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in mice

Oroxylin A is a flavonoid and was originally isolated from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi., one of the most important medicinal herbs in traditional Chinese medicine. The aim of this study was to investigate the ameliorating effects of oroxylin A on memory impairment using the passive avoidance test, the Y-maze test, and the Morris water maze test in mice. Drug-induced amnesia was induced by administering scopolamine (1 mg/kg, i.p.) or diazepam (1 mg/kg, i.p.). Oroxylin A (5 mg/kg) significantly reversed cognitive impairments in mice by passive avoidance and the Y-maze testing (P<.05). Oroxylin A also improved escape latencies in training trials and increased swimming times and distances within the target zone of the Morris water maze (P<.05). Moreover, the ameliorating effects of oroxylin A were antagonized by both muscimol and diazepam (0.25 mg/kg, i.p., respectively), which are GABA(A) receptor agonists. Furthermore, oroxylin A (100 microM) was found to inhibit GABA-induced inward Cl(-) current in a single cortical neuron. These results suggest that oroxylin A may be useful for the treatment of cognitive impairments induced by cholinergic dysfunction via the GABAergic nervous system.     

工作记忆中的注意焦点转换

在工作记忆中的选择性注意及注意焦点机制的基础上,从3个方面回顾了对工作记忆中注意焦点转换的研究：（1）工作记忆中的注意焦点转换的概念及其基本研究方法;（2）影响注意焦点转换代价的因素,包括提取、复述、加工、更新和记忆集大小等;（3）注意焦点转换与工作记忆各功能成分之间的关系,包括注意焦点转换与工作记忆执行功能的关系,注意焦点转换反映的存储、加工和执行功能之间的相互关系,注意焦点转换与工作记忆中资源分配的关系。最后,该文展望了未来的研究方向