The moderating role of emotional stability in the relationship between exposure to violence and anxiety and depression

This study investigated the associations among exposure to violence, emotional stability, and psychological symptoms. The moderating role of emotional stability in the relationship between exposure to violence and anxiety and depression was examined in a sample of 482 high school students in Hong Kong. Results showed that both witnessing violence and low levels of emotional stability were positively associated with symptoms of anxiety and depression. Low levels of emotional stability exacerbated the relation between witnessing violence and symptoms of anxiety and depression; the opposite pattern was found among adolescents with high levels of emotional stability. This study sheds light on the role of emotional stability in ameliorating the detrimental effects of witnessing violence on symptoms of anxiety and depression among adolescents. Findings of this study also have implications for the development of emotionally healthy personalities.     

Phase field microelasticity theory of dislocation dynamics in a polycrystal: Model and three-dimensional simulations

A three-dimensional multidislocation system in a polycrystal under applied stress is treated as a particular case of the phase field microelasticity theory of multivariant stress-induced martensitic transformations in polycrystals. This approach reduces the problem of the evolution of a dislocation system to a solution of the nonlinear integrodifferential Ginzburg-Landau equation. In this formalism, the elastic interaction between dislocations and the elastic coupling between grains are taken into consideration through exact analytical solution of the elasticity problem. The dislocation reactions, such as multiplication and annihilation, are taken into account automatically. The dislocations are 'free' to choose the optimal evolution path. Examples of three-dimensional computer simulations are considered.     

Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin solution of cut-off frequency for horizontal shear (SH) waves in various inhomogeneous thin films

The Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin method is employed to study the cut-off frequencies of the horizontal shear waves in a freestanding functionally graded piezoelectric–piezomagnetic material film with the electrically and magnetically open boundary conditions. An analytical solution, which could be used in analyzing the problems of various functionally graded materials, is proven to have high precision by analytical analysis and a numerical example. The results reveal that the set of cut-off frequencies is a series of approximate arithmetic progressions. A theoretical foundation based on the relationship between the cut-off frequencies and the materials’ gradient property is established for nondestructive evaluation.     

云南怒江傈僳族宗教信仰对其传统医药的影响

聚居于我国滇西北怒江大峡谷的傈僳族,主要信仰两种宗教,一是本民族固有的原始宗教;二是西方传教士于18世纪传入的基督教和天主教。宗教信仰渗透于傈僳族生产、生活的方方面面,对其传统文化的各个部分影响深刻,从宗教信仰的特征入手,分析其对傈僳族传统医药形成过程中的影响,以对这一古老民族的医药文化进行发掘整理。     

自我控制的“前额叶-皮质下平衡理论”

自我控制的前额叶-皮质下平衡理论认为,成功的自我控制基于前额叶脑区对皮质下脑区的调节能力;当前额叶脑区与皮质下脑区的平衡打破时,就会引起自我控制失败.以往各类型自我控制的脑机制研究,包括决策行为、欲求行为、情绪调节、态度/偏见调节的研究,均支持平衡理论的观点.未来研究有必要进一步分别考察不同类型自我控制中,前额叶脑区对皮质下脑区调节的具体路径,以及青少年前额叶-皮质下的平衡关系随年龄增长的发展趋势.     

围手术期应激性高血糖管理

由于手术应激原影响,外科大手术围术期发生应激性高血糖屡见不鲜。围手术期血糖监测与控制对临床治疗意义重大。本文概括了围手术期应激性高血糖的发病机制、主要危害,从辩证思维的角度,归纳出灵活掌握控制标准,注意“度”的原则、整体性原则及动态性原则,从而有效控制围手术期发生的应激性高血糖。     

中药注射剂有效性及“毒性”的物质基础分析

中药注射剂的有效性得到了临床用药的广泛验证,但带来的安全性（“毒性”）问题也引起业界和社会的广泛关注。本文通过分析中药注射剂和同处方的口服剂有效性和“毒性”的特点,认为中药注射剂的有效性来自于小分子物质,而大分子物质则是导致“毒性”的主要物质基础,进而提出从严监控中药注射剂中的大分子物质是提高中药注射剂的有效策略。     

上帝与恶的悖论——斯温伯恩神正论述评

面对上帝与恶的悖论,斯温伯恩积极回应,用逻辑有效性重释上帝的本质,用自由意志为道德的恶辩护,用有用性为自然的恶辩护。但上帝与恶的悖论本来就无法化解,斯温伯恩的努力最终归于失败。     

Age-related differences in attentional networks of alerting and executive control in young, middle-aged, and older Chinese adults

Previous studies suggest that aging is associated with impairment of attention. However, it is not known whether this represents a global attentional deficit or relates to a specific attentional network. We used the attention network test to examine three groups of younger, middle-aged, and older participants with respect to the efficiency of three anatomically defined attentional networks: alerting network, orienting network, and executive control network. Age-related change was found to have the greatest effect on the executive network and the least effect on the alerting network as well as on overall mean response time. Impairment of the orienting network was found to be insignificant. Age-related deterioration of the prefrontal lobe, the dopaminergic system, and function of specific genes may explain the age-related changes in executive attention, which occur after the fourth decade of life.