斯坦福-比奈智力量表第四版的特色研究

本研究旨在探讨斯坦福-比奈智力量表第四版的特色,以期把握世界上最优秀的个别智力测验的发展趋向。通过对斯坦福-比奈智力量表第四版的翻译、修改工作,依据144名被试的测试数据,量表的理论结构,并对分测验的特点作了详尽的分析。研究中共获得了五点关于编制和使用个别智力测验的启示。     

选择性注意的分心物加工机制对工作记忆的影响

通过实验法严格筛选被试,探讨了在有无分心物干扰的条件下,选择性注意的分心物加工机制(分心物抑制机制、分心物习惯化机制)对工作记忆的影响。结果揭示了,分心物抑制机制不仅能影响工作记忆的储存而且还影响工作记忆的加工;而习惯化机制只影响工作记忆的储存,不影响工作记忆的加工。     

塞辅音和声调知觉问题

本文报告的两个实验以合成的汉语普通话CV音节作刺激,研究了塞辅音与声调之间在知觉上的相互作用问题。主要结果是:(1)塞辅音的发音方式影响声调的知觉,不送气音使听者在辨别声调时倾向于基频曲线起点高的声调反应;(2)音节的声调也影响对塞音发音方式的判断,在一、四声音节里,听者倾向于将塞辅音听成不送气音,在二、三声音节里,听成送气音。     

解读“反胜为败”的现象：一个“Choking”过程理论

运动员关键时刻以先赢后输的形式丢掉冠军的现象越来越多地发生在现代竞技体育比赛中。心理学上称之为压力下的“Choking”,并定义为压力条件下一种习惯的运动执行过程发生衰变的现象。对于“Choking”的研究开始于八十年代初中期,迄今为止,主要有干扰假说和自动执行假说解释其发生机制。但由于现有的假说过于简单,理论的研究一直不能为实践防治“Choking”提供可行的措施。本文基于笔者多年来的研究积累,就这一空缺,提出并讨论了一个“Choking”过程理论。该理论把“Choking”作为一个过程来讨论,包括引起因素、认知过程、应付过程和运动过程。根据过程理论,本文讨论了“Choking”发生机制。在此基础上,提供了防止“Choking”发生的具体可行性措施。     

Cultural Intelligence and International Leadership Potential: The Importance of Contact for Members of the Majority

Integrating distinctiveness theory and contact theory, we develop a conceptual model proposing that prior intercultural contact has mediated effects on international leadership potential via cultural intelligence—but that these effects are stronger for majorities. Results of two samples of working adults, using both self‐report (n= 441, Study 1) and matched employee‐observer (n= 181, Study 2) data provide strong support for the model. Cultural intelligence mediates the effects of prior intercultural contact on international leadership potential. Further, moderated mediation analyses demonstrate that cultural intelligence mediates the relationship between prior intercultural contact and international leadership potential for majorities, but not for minorities. The current study offers contributions to theory and practice in at least two ways. First, the proposed model is theoretically important because it provides a more complete picture of predictors of international leadership potential and it reconciles prior inconsistent findings by showing the mediating role of cultural intelligence and moderating role of minority status. Second, the study adds to the increasing evidence suggesting that prior intercultural contact and cultural intelligence are meaningful criteria for developing international leaders. More important, results show that prior intercultural contact is especially important for majorities.     

当代世界宗教发展趋势问题(节选)

根据我们对当代宗教的了解,特别是宗教与政 治具有密切关系的特征,可以认为宗教具有以下的 发展趋势: 其一,宗教将继续面临来自内外的挑战 一方面,它的内部将继续发生分化。随着生活 现代化、世俗化的发展,传统宗教将进一步衰落, 人们对宗教的冷漠态度仍然会继续下去。各个宗教 内部的调整、更新、改革,仍会继续进行下去,自     

“做中学”科学教育对儿童情绪表现的影响

儿童所具有的情绪能力在其以后发展过程中的重要作用,鉴于此,本文在总结国内外研究的基础上编制了儿童情绪表现的教师问卷,通过他评法对汕头市参与"做中学"科学教育项目的四所幼儿园的277名儿童进行随机抽查,结果显示"做中学"科学教育课程对儿童在确信度上具有非常显著的积极作用.儿童入园时间越长,代表他所接受的"做中学"课程培训的时甸也就越长,其确信度得分也越高.     

用模糊数学方法预测商品喜爱度的实验性探索

本研究是一种运用模糊数学方法来预测商品喜爱度的实验性探索。 从实验一中取得被试对一种商品的单维评价[R′_(ji)]和综合评价[B_j],然后根据导出权数集[A_i]。 从实验二中取得被试对另一种同类商品的单维评价[R″_(ji)],然后与[A_i]加权,就预测出第二种同类商品的综合喜爱度[B_j]。 经验证,此种预测是可行的。并且它比其它预测方法更准确,更简便。     

Synelfin Regulation during the Critical Period for Song Learning in Normal and Isolated Juvenile Zebra Finches

Male zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) learn to sing during a critical period in adolescence. We previously described a presynaptic protein, synelfin, whose mRNA is increased early in this critical period in a brain nucleus specifically implicated in song learning, lateral MAN (lMAN). In the current study, in situ hybridization was used to map this change in gene expression to the subregion of lMAN that projects to the robust nucleus of the archistriatum (RA), the principal motor output of the telencephalic circuit that controls song production. Using confocal immunofluorescence microscopy, we detected numerous puncta of synelfin immunoreactivity that apparently represent presynaptic terminals from lMAN in the RA of young males. Synelfin immunoreactivity in RA declined abruptly between 40 and 45 days of age, a time of major synaptic reorganization in RA. This change did not occur until about 10 days after the decline in synelfin mRNA in cell bodies within lMAN, indicating a relatively slow turnover of the protein in presynaptic terminals and suggesting that some of the functional changes that occur during the critical period may arise from regulatory decisions that were initiated a week or more earlier. Depriving birds of tutoring did not halt or delay the decline of synelfin mRNA in lMAN. This change in gene expression must not be a consequence of early song learning, but may reflect an innate or programmed step in song circuit development.     

应激对大鼠行为和部分脑区谷氨酸含量的影响

以旷场试验法测定动物在急、慢性躯体性和心理性应激时的行为变化,以快速断头冷冻匀浆法,用ＨＩＴＡＣＨＩ－８３５氨基酸分析仪测定应激各期视皮层、海马、下丘脑、小脑谷氨酸含量。并对正常动物经侧脑室微量注射Ｌ－ＡＰ４后观察行为变化。结果显示,急性应激期动物行为活动增加,慢性应激期减少：应激时,大鼠部分脑区的谷氨酸含量与对照组相比在不同时期呈显著性差异;侧脑室微量注射Ｌ－ＡＰ４提示行为活动减弱可能与脑内Ｇｌｕ系统的活动有关。