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661.
This paper concerns underarm throwing by girls 7 to 12 years of age. Each movement component by trained and untrained girls in underarm throwing or windmill softball pitching was examined. Movement characteristics of ball release, arm motion, trunk activity, and stepping were analyzed to capture experience- and age-related differences in underarm throwing. A total of 48 young girls participated: 25 untrained (age 9.7 yr.), 14 trained/league (age 10.9 yr.), and 9 trained/formal (10.4 yr.). Performance was videotaped individually and evaluated by three observers. Analyses suggest that, while age did not affect performance, the type of training experience influenced the girls' performance on each of the four movement components. The wrist and trunk were identified as showing the most significant progression with experience. The findings have important implications about changes during acquisition of underarm throwing skills. 相似文献
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665.
Yan JH Dick MB 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2006,13(3-4):385-410
This research was designed to test the hypothesis that motor practice can enhance the capabilities of motor control in healthy controls (NC) and patients with a diagnosis of probable Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI), and consequently results in better motor performance. Approximately half of the subjects in the NC (n = 31), AD (n = 28), and MCI (n = 29) either received or did not receive practice on a task of fast and accurate arm movement with a digitizer. Changes in movement time (MT), movement smoothness (jerk), and percentage of primary submovement (PPS) were recorded and compared among the three groups across six blocks of trials (baseline and five training sessions). For all subjects, practice improved motor functions as reflected by faster and smoother motor execution, as well as a greater proportion of programming control. Compared to unaffected matched controls, AD and MCI subjects exhibited a greater reduction in movement jerk due to practice. Movement time and PPS data revealed that motor practice appeared to reduce the use of "on-line" correction adopted by the AD or MCI patients while performing the aiming movements. Evidently, their arm movements were quicker, smoother, and temporally more consistent than their untrained peers. The findings of this study shed light on how MCI and AD may affect motor control mechanisms, and suggest possible therapeutic interventions aimed at improving motor functioning in these impaired individuals. 相似文献
666.
Suzie?FranklinEmail author Hyun?J.?Lim Kimberly?M.?Rennie Dan?Eastwood Barbara?Cuene Peter?L.?Havens 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2005,12(4):367-376
The objective of this paper was to describe the intellectual development of 39 children with HIV infection. The children received
serial evaluations over a 10-year period. Thirty-nine children were assessed with age-appropriate intellectual measures at
regular intervals as part of their treatment in the HIV Program of a children's hospital. Children showed an 24-point drop
in mean Bayley Mental scores over the first 2 years of life. McCarthy scores remained in the low average range from ages 3–5
years. IQ scores were stable by age 6 in the low average range, and unchanged through age 12. Significant changes in memory,
vocabulary, and performance subtests were noted. Children with HIV infection demonstrated a significant decline in mental
functioning over the first 2 years of life, fell into the low average range by age 3, and remained in the low average range,
with subtle changes in some areas. 相似文献
667.
Rhee SH Hewitt JK Corley RP Willcutt EG Pennington BF 《Journal of abnormal psychology》2005,114(3):346-362
The authors examined the validity of a method commonly used to test alternative hypotheses regarding the causes of comorbidity: the examination of underlying deficits of comorbid disorders. The authors simulated data in which the true causes of comorbidity were known, then compared the patterns of underlying deficits of the comorbid disorders found in the simulated data with the predicted results. The method of examining the underlying deficits of comorbid disorders could distinguish between several comorbidity models, including those that could not be distinguished well using other methods. The ability to distinguish the correct model decreased as the sample size and the correlation between the underlying deficits and the symptom scores decreased, suggesting that the issue of power should be considered carefully. 相似文献
668.
The role of visual short-term memory in empty cell localization 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Three experiments examined the visual memory representation supporting performance at long interstimulus intervals (ISIs) in an empty cell localization task. Two arrays of dots within a 4 x 4 grid were displayed briefly in succession. One grid cell did not contain a dot in either array, and the task was to localize the empty cell. In Experiment 1, we replicated previous findings of recovery to high levels of performance at long ISIs. In Experiment 2, we tested whether figural grouping in visual short-term memory (VSTM) supports long-ISI performance by manipulating the complexity of the array pattern. Pattern complexity had no effect on empty cell localization at 0-msec ISI, suggesting dependence on high-capacity visible persistence, but there was a large simple pattern advantage at long ISIs, suggesting dependence on figural grouping in VSTM. Experiment 3 demonstrated that participants typically remember the empty cells of the first array, and not the dots, for comparison with Array 2. 相似文献
669.
Zhang J Wieczorek WF Jiang C Zhou L Jia S Sun Y Jin S Conwell Y 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2002,32(4):370-379
As China opens its door to the world, suicide research is making rapid progress using methods and instruments developed in the West. This is a feasibility study of the psychological autopsy methodology applied in China, with its emphasis on the social and cultural environments. With samples of 66 completed suicides and 66 community normal living controls, the authors found that it is feasible to interview at least two informants for each suicide case and each control, between 2 and 6 months after the suicide. With the Chinese-cultivated contacting method of recruiting cases, the refusal rate is nearly zero. The Western-developed methodology per se proved to be valid in the Chinese culture. Ethical considerations in the context of Chinese culture are as important as in the West. Psychological autopsy technique is shown to be an equally applicable method for the study of completed suicides in Chinese culture as it is in the West. Future epidemiological research on Chinese suicide should use the psychological autopsy method to collect data from larger samples in order to increase our understanding of the risk factors for Chinese suicides. 相似文献
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