Motivations, Goals, Information Search, and Memory about Political Candidates

This study investigated the ways in which motivations and goals affect patterns of political information-seeking and the consequent structure of memory about candidates. Undergraduate participants used a computerized system that displayed different layers of information about fictional political candidates; the system recorded the strategies they used to search through this information. Results showed that motivations to engage in effortful processing produced tendencies to engage in within-candidate searches, better recall, and memory structures clustered by candidate. The goal of forming impressions of the candidates, which was expected to lead to within-candidate searching, was in fact modestly associated with weaker tendencies to do so, once effort was taken into account. Impression-formation goals, however, were associated with less attribute-based memory structures. The findings confirm that the manner in which people acquire candidate information has important consequences for the way they store that information in memory, and that these processes vary according to individual motivations and goals.     

影响短时记忆信息提取的因素研究

用21个被试研究了影响短时记忆信息提取的因素发现,判断标准对短时记忆信息提取有显著影响。判断标准对短时记忆信息提取的影响可能说明了不同判断标准下,短时记忆信息存储的方式不同。实验再一次证明,短时记忆信息提取不是以搜索为基础。     

记忆准确性的认知取向研究

阐述了记忆准确性认知取向的五种理论主要有图示重建理论、模糊痕迹记忆理论、源监控理论、归因取向理论和记忆建构理论;并对这五种理论作了简评。     

社会技能构成因素及其意义

阐述了社会技能的构成因素,其主要包括自信、报答与强化、非言语交流技能、言语交流技能、同理心、合作、关心他人等;以及社会技能对个体的社会支持、心身健康和工作效率的影响。     

实践智力、社会智力、情绪智力的概念及其教育价值

传统智力测验的单一性和其预测的有限性为其它类型智力概念的提出留下了空间。实践智力、社会智力和情绪智力分别从实际解决问题,与人相处及情绪知觉、调节和情绪对思维的促进等不同角度对智力概念进行了强调和扩展。它们与传统的智力理论并不矛盾,只是各有侧重。此外,不同智力概念的提出对教育观念和教育模式的改变亦会有所启发。     

Thinking styles and the five‐factor model of personality

The primary aim of this study was to investigate the relationships between thinking styles and the big five personality dimensions. Four hundred and eight (149 males, 259 females) university students from Shanghai, mainland China, responded to the Thinking Styles Inventory and the NEO Five‐Factor Inventory. It was found that thinking styles and personality dimensions overlap to a degree. As predicted, the more creativity‐generating and more complex thinking styles were related to the extraversion and openness personality dimensions, and the more norm‐favouring and simplistic thinking styles were related to neuroticism. No specific pattern was identified in the relationships of thinking styles to the agreeableness and conscientiousness dimensions. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

医疗过失的法律责任

引起医疗纠纷的事实可分为应由医方承担责任的事实和不应由医方承担责任的事实,只有医方符合法律责任的构成要件－即医疗行为的主体是医疗单位、主体有过失或违反义务的行为、有损害后果、而且主体的行为与损害后果之间有因果关系,才需承担法律责任,以消除只有损害后果医方就要承担法律责任和只有鉴定为医疗事故的才承担法律责任等方面的误区。     

论犹太教对以色列国法律的影响(续)

4.《回归法》《回归法》是关于犹太人身份界定的法律。按说,这一事关以色列人口构成的头等大事的法律理应由政府定夺,但犹太教正统派⑦却企图垄断这个涉及许多人公民身份的权力,为此,它与世俗势力及犹太教改革派⑧和保守派⑨展开了激烈的较量。早在1950年,以色列议会根据以色列国存在的理由之核心思想——“流亡者的聚集”,制定通过了《回归法》,规定:在任何地方的任何犹太人均有权返回以色列定居,入境时自动取得以色列公民身份资格。然而,《回归法》对如何确定犹太人身份并未作出明确的定义。在日后执法的过程中,如何确定犹太人身份成为一…     

高强迫症状个体的定向遗忘和元记忆

将定向遗忘和FOK判断的范式相结合,探讨高强迫症状被试（HOC）和低强迫症状的控制组（LOC）在不同词语类型的条件下,线索回忆和元记忆判断的定向遗忘效应的差异。实验结果表明,HOC组在中性词语条件下比LOC组表现出更低的定向遗忘效应。FOK的结果表明HOC被试对于不同条件的元记忆的分辨能力比LOC组要差,他们在威胁性词语方面,对未来记忆任务的成绩也没有预测性。研究结果从一定程度上支持强迫症的一般记忆损伤模型     

中国式民主如何可能——毛泽东延安时期的探索与启示

延安时期毛泽东立足于中国的实际和中国的问题思考中国需要什么民主以及如何建设民主。这是毛泽东“中国化”思维方式在民主问题上的自觉。它给当前中国如何实现民主的中国化,进而推动中国式民主的生成提供了方法论启示。