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以130名幼儿园小、中、大班儿童为研究对象,通过分层回归,系统比较了语音意识、语素意识和快速命名三种认知技能在学前儿童口语词汇、汉字识别和阅读理解等言语能力发展中的作用和相对重要性,结果发现:(1)学前儿童的各项能力随着年龄的增加而显著提高;(2)除了年龄因素之外,语音意识和语素意识是解释口语词汇的重要变量;(3)在控制了年龄和口语词汇量之后,语音意识、语素意识和快速命名能力都分别对汉字识别成绩具有独立的预测作用;(4)在控制了年龄、口语词汇量、汉字识别和其他两种认知技能之后,只有语素意识仍然能够独立预测阅读理解成绩,表明语素意识对于汉语阅读能力的发展具有独特的作用. 相似文献
995.
Bo J Bastian AJ Contreras-Vidal JL Kagerer FA Clark JE 《Journal of motor behavior》2008,40(5):391-399
The authors studied whether the drawing variability in young children is best explicable by (a) demands on the explicit timing system, (b) an underdeveloped ability to control limb dynamics, or (c) both. The explicit timing demands were lower in continuous drawing in comparison with the discontinuous task. The authors manipulated limb dynamics by changing the number of joints involved, with line drawing requiring fewer joints than circle drawing. Results showed that young children had high temporal variability in discontinuous circling but not in other conditions. The authors argue that both explicit timing and dynamic complexity of limb control may be determinants of temporal consistency and may thus play an important role in the development of drawing and writing skills in children. 相似文献
996.
Wing-Chung Ho 《Human Studies》2008,31(3):323-342
This paper points to two little-discussed interrelated features—among sociologists—about the nature of the lifeworld (Lebenswelt): that the experience of transcendence is an essential component of human actions, and that lived experience (Erlebnis) is founded on the non-discursivity of the lifeworld, i.e., the pre-predicative background expectancies from which the discursive
arises. I examine the intellectual route of Alfred Schutz who developed his mundane lifeworld theory from appropriating Edmund
Husserl’s notions of appresentation and apperception. Harold Garfinkel later extended Schutz’s concept of lifeworld to the
empirical investigations of constitutive social orders. By way of conclusion, I warn against a strain of constructionism in
sociology, which tends to ignore the two said features of lived experience and inaccurately conceives social realities as
essentially the actor’s discursive accomplishments.
相似文献
Wing-Chung HoEmail: |
997.
位置和内容对网页广告效果影响的眼动评估 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
使用TobiiT120型眼动仪,以16名大学生为被试,记录他们阅读嵌有网页广告新闻网页时的眼动注视过程,以探讨广告呈现位置、新闻内容与网页广告的相关性是否影响人们对网页广告的注视。实验采用3(广告位置:上方、中间、下方)×2(相关性:相关、不相关)两因素被试内设计。结果发现:(1)新闻内容和网页广告的相关性不影响人们对网页广告的加工;(2)对位于新闻上方和新闻中间的网页广告,被试的注视次数较多,且注视时间较长;(3)对位于新闻中间的网页广告,其再认效果优于位于新闻上方和新闻下方的广告。表明只有网页广告呈现位置这一因素影响被试对网页广告的注视。 相似文献
998.
本文深入分析了欧洲近现代民主法治型社会治理模式与规范伦理的具体成因、基本特征和主要内容,并对二者的内在关联性进行了说明.笔者认为,麦金太尔在重建传统生活共同体基础上恢复古希腊美德伦理的主张只是一种道德乌托邦幻想,我们应当在努力完善民主法治型社会治理模式和规范伦理类型的前提下,继续推进启蒙运动所开创的现代性事业,而不是一味地吁求回归传统. 相似文献
999.
Bang SJ Allen TA Jones LK Boguszewski P Brown TH 《Neurobiology of learning and memory》2008,90(1):200-216
Rodent ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) are ethologically critical social signals. Rats emit 22 kHz USVs and 50 kHz USVs, respectively, in conjunction with negative and positive affective states. Little is known about what controls emotional reactivity to these social signals. Using male Sprague–Dawley rats, we examined unconditional and conditional freezing behavior in response to the following auditory stimuli: three 22 kHz USVs, a discontinuous tone whose frequency and on–off pattern matched one of the USVs, a continuous tone with the same or lower frequencies, a 4 kHz discontinuous tone with an on–off pattern matched to one of the USVs, and a 50 kHz USV. There were no differences among these stimuli in terms of the unconditional elicitation of freezing behavior. Thus, the stimuli were equally neutral before conditioning. During differential fear conditioning, one of these stimuli (the CS+) always co-terminated with a footshock unconditional stimulus (US) and another stimulus (the CS−) was explicitly unpaired with the US. There were no significant differences among these cues in CS+-elicited freezing behavior. Thus, the stimuli were equally salient or effective as cues in supporting fear conditioning. When the CS+ was a 22 kHz USV or a similar stimulus, rats discriminated based on the principal frequency and/or the temporal pattern of the stimulus. However, when these same stimuli served as the CS−, discrimination failed due to generalization from the CS+. Thus, the stimuli differed markedly in the specificity of conditioning. This strikingly asymmetrical stimulus generalization is a novel bias in discrimination. 相似文献
1000.
Richard M. Lee Kyoung Rae Jung Jenny C. Su Alisia G. T. T. Tran Nazneen F. Bahrassa 《Sex roles》2009,60(7-8):549-558
We examined gender differences in intergenerational family conflict and its associations with psychological and academic adjustment using a United States sample of 121 Hmong American first-year college students. Hmong women and men reported similar levels of family conflict. Family conflict was related to psychological distress, above and beyond neuroticism. Gender moderated the relationship between family conflict and substance usage and academic performance. For Hmong college men, higher family conflict was associated with lower rates of smoking and higher rates of completing the first year of college. For Hmong college women, higher family conflict was associated with greater likelihood of alcohol consumption in their lifetime. 相似文献