Brain potentials related to seeing one''s own name

Subjects were assigned an assumed name and then shown a series of statements of the form, "My name / is / X", where X was the assumed name, their own first name, or one of a set of other false names. Their task was to respond positively to the "assumed" name and reject as false all other names, including their own. An N380 feature of the averaged task-related brain potentials, considered to be inversely related to the degree of contextual priming, was greatly enhanced for the false names compared to the assumed name. The N380 to one's own name was more similar to that of the false than the assumed name, indicating that the sentence context's priming of various names was under the subjects' attentional control, and that the late negativity could be modulated by this attention. In contrast, a large P510 feature distinguished one's own name from the false name, and this difference was unaffected by practice. Even in cases, then, where the context allows anticipation of one verbal event (here, the assumed name), a highly overlearned and salient stimulus such as one's own name continues to produce a distinctive neural response.     

双眼立体视觉的信息加工 Ⅱ.空间滤波对双眼立体感的影响

本工作的目的是希望了解立体感形成时双眼图象空间频谱的融合规律。我们利用不同质地的两套随机点立体图对,经过不同空间频带(低通、高通、带通)的光学滤波处理,然后将滤波后的图象作各种左右眼搭配观察。得到: 1.同样滤波的立体图对均能形成立体感; 2.不同质地的立体图对,空间频带搭配相同,但观察结果并不完全相同。 3.目前我们尚不能用立体图对的两个图像的空间频带是否重叠来了解两眼融合的规律。     

Nondirectiveness and genetic counseling

Nondirectiveness is the generally required and professed standard for genetic counseling. However, studies are lacking in the field of human genetics and in other disciplines which address either the theory or practice of this type of therapeutic procedure in the context of genetic counseling. Moreover, there is no indication the further development this concept has undergone in client-centered therapy has been acknowledged in human genetics. This could be due tot he historical development of genetic counseling, its inherent conflicts and often undefined goals, and the latent need of human geneticists to defend themselves against being accused of eugenic tendencies. Nondirectiveness and directiveness, however, can neither adequately describe what takes place in genetic counseling, nor can they — according to their original meaning — be used to define an ethical standard of genetic counseling. Starting with the writings by Carl Rogers (1942), an experiential approach is described, in which counseling is seen as a process of influence, which is wished by all the persons involved, during which activities are oriented toward the experience of the client, and which allows the counselor to communicate openly and directly with the client. The present study illustrates the use of the experiential approach in genetic counseling and shows that it can uphold the principle of ethics, which nondirectiveness demands and, at the same time, prevent the inevitable and unresolvable contradictions. This means that in their training genetic counselors must learn to recognize and constantly reflect on the influence they can and want to exert. In order to be able to use this influence in a responsible manner, genetic counselors must also learn to have a certain degree of flexibility so that they are able to check at any time how their client responds to this influence.     

In-group Bias and Culture of Collectivism

In this paper I present an argument that culture of collectivism which characterizes Japanese society is to be conceived in terms of an equilibrium between socio-relational and cognitive traits in which people have acquired expectations for generalized reciprocity within, not across, group boundaries. Maintenance of harmony among group members and voluntary cooperation toward group goals – the characteristics of collectivist culture – are often considered to be fundamentally psychological in nature. It is usually considered that members of a collectivist culture like to maintain harmony and cooperate toward group goals, or that "culture" sneaks into the minds of people and drives them to behave in such a manner. According to this view, culture is a fundamentally psychological or subjective matter. This is the view that I want to challenge in this paper.     

心身反应的实验研究报告

本文报告了30名健康人在进行心算、反应时、握力、冷压试验时以及其前后的生理与心理变化。发现主观感受相似的背景下,心算同样可引起明显的血压与皮电反应变化与较慢的指温变化,验证了心身相关理论的正确性。另测查结果显示个体间生理反应不同,但同一个体重复测查结果则明显正相关,验证了行为(生理反应)模式相对稳定的论点。     

加工水平、回想策略与不自觉记忆

本研究有两项实验。实验一包括三种加工水平和三种不自觉记忆测验方式。结果表明,补笔不受加工水平影响。词干补笔是否受加工水平影响与词干补笔可能性的大小无关。实验二采用了问卷技术,在词干补笔测验后要求被试回答他在测验中是否进行了有意回想。结果表明,有意回想的被试对意义加工的单字比对结构加工的单字获得更高的起动效应;而没有回想的被试其结果不受加工水平影响,从而证实,词干补笔也不受加工水平影响。     

Preliminary neuropsychological outcomes of angioplasty and stenting of extracranial cerebral arteries

Preliminary evaluation of the neuropsychological status of three Chinese-speaking patients receiving angioplasty and stenting of extracranial cerebral arteries showed no significant decline in their performance on cognitive tasks measuring (1) memory function, verbal and nonverbal memory, (2) attention, and (3) cognitive processing speed. Although angioplasty and stenting of extracranial cerebral arteries did not appear associated with detrimental changes in the cognitive status of the two patients completing all cognitive tasks, their relation must be confirmed as a neuropsychologically safe measure for reducing the risk of stroke in Chinese with significant extracranial cerebral artery stenosis by a randomized controlled study with a much larger sample.     

FOK的线索熟悉性假说与线索熟悉性判断

这项研究对ＦＯＫ的线索熟悉性假说进行了进一步检验,该假说认为,人们是根据自已对记忆线索是否熟悉而作ＦＯＫ判断的,研究结果表明,线索熟悉性判断与ＦＯＫ判断是两种不同性质的判断,它们可以在相同的刺激模式下表现出不同的反应模式。     

Development of Phonological Awareness of Chinese Children in Hong Kong

Three studies were conducted in Hong Kong to examine the development of phonological awareness of Chinese children from the ages of 3 to 8. Like English-speaking children, Chinese children were found to be able to detect relatively large sound segments (e.g., partial homophones) at the beginning and gradually progress to smaller sound segments (e.g., rhymes and tones). Tasks detecting onsets and rhymes in a similarity format were found to be easier for Chinese children than those in an oddity format. In addition, cross-linguistic comparisons indicated that Chinese children develop an awareness of initial consonants and rhymes later than their English counterparts. The possible impact from differences in the oral and written languages between Chinese and English are also discussed.