三朝高僧传中的竹林寺

竹林寺是我国古代众多寺院中最早用来命名的一类,在佛教史上有着一定地位和影响.文章首先对竹林寺命名来源进行考辨;次则就竹林寺在三朝高僧传中记载情况差异分析,得出三朝高僧传编撰者对于竹林寺记载最大变化是;由传记性的真实竹林寺变为掺杂具有传说故事性色彩的竹林寺.这种变化模式典型反映了中国传统史学的一个特色;最后探讨了其产生三个原因.     

文化的商品与公共产品特性——兼与王晓升教授商榷

作为与政治、经济相并列的一个领域,文化已经成为现代社会系统中的重要组成部分.然而,对于文化在现代社会中的属性,在我国学术界一直存在着不同见解.     

Substance P and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection: Psychoneuroimmunology

Effects on the immune system caused by changes in behavioral state or brain activity are mediated, at least in part, through neuroendocrine-immune pathways. Life stress and depression may be associated with altered blood levels of central nervous system-released neuropeptides, including substance P (SP). SP acts as a neuroregulator or neurotransmitter in the conduction of nociceptive stimuli, and is a modulator of neuroimmunoregulation. This review summarizes current knowledge regarding the role of the neuropeptide, SP, in psychoneuroimmunology, in particular as it relates to human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immunodeficiency disease syndrome. The association between depression, anxiety, and stress in HIV-disease progression suggests that neurobiologic and neurophysiologic factors play a role in modulating HIV infection and responses to antiretroviral therapy. Individuals with HIV or AIDS may experience stressful life circumstances that can result in increased symptoms of anxiety, stress, and/or depression. Furthermore, psychological and psychiatric symptoms, which occur in individuals with HIV and AIDS, may be related to the progression of AIDS disease. This review presents evidence from the literature, as well as findings from basic investigations conducted in the authors' laboratories, demonstrating that SP may play an important role in HIV pathophysiology. SP can impact the susceptibility of immune cells to HIV infection and modulate immune cell functions in ways that may affect the course of HIV in infected individuals. Moreover, modulation of SP activity and SP receptor is being explored for its potential as a novel therapeutic approach to the treatment of some psychological and psychiatric disorders and to the design of new anti-HIV therapy.     

Preadolescent adjudicative competence: methodological considerations and recommendations for practice standards

This article examines developmental and legal issues directed toward a downward age extension of forensic evaluation practice standards for preadolescent defendants whose competence is questioned. Existing research and practice standards were developed for cases involving adolescents and adults, but they lack sufficient application to evaluations of young children because of the ways in which legal parameters affect young children. We review practice implications of the legal role of "immaturity" for adjudicative competence, alterations of Dusky in some juvenile courts, and the role of parens patriae in competence hearings held in juvenile court. We examine competence abilities in a developmental framework. Examining practice standards is timely because adjudicative competence in preadolescent defendants has taken on recent significance. The last decade saw changes in the stringency of delinquency statutes, increased emphasis on adversarial approaches to juvenile proceedings, and a de-emphasis on rehabilitation and parens patriae protections. Statutory changes and increased referrals have heightened inquiry into the meaning of preadolescent adjudicative competence.     

Motivational climate and perceived competence in anxiety and tennis performance

This study was done to verify a prediction in achievement goal-orientation theory in a Korean physical education setting. It was hypothesized that the interactions of situationally induced motivational climates (Task and Ego) and perceived competence would differentially influence anxiety and performance in tennis classes. 60 undergraduate men were assigned to a Task-involving and an Ego-involving program in tennis classes for 6 wk. Their perceptions of motivation climates and tennis competence were measured after the first 3 wk., and anxiety responses (cognitive and somatic) and tennis skill performance were evaluated every week over the second 3 wk. of the class. Analysis showed in Task-involving condition students decreased anxiety responses and increased tennis performance, whereas Ego-involving students who had low perception of their tennis competence maintained their anxiety responses and decreased their tennis performance. These results support the hypotheses and the predictions of goal-orientation theory and suggested practical application of the goal-orientation theory in Korea could be explored.     

对SARS病人及相关人员实施隔离等强制措施的思考

对SARS病人及相关人员采取隔离等强制措施是有效控制疫情扩展的重要和主要手段,但同时也是剥夺公民人身自由的一种行为。SARS防治的要求与现行法律存在着一定的冲突;紧急特殊情况下的行政应急措施应属必要。对相关法律进行完善,严格依照法定的条件符合法定程序实施强制措施,才能既有利于控制疫情又充分保障被隔离者的合法权益。     

Sacred Canopies or Religious Markets? The Effect of County-Level Religious Diversity on Later Changes in Religious Involvement

Secularization theories, such as Berger's Sacred Canopy argument, hold that religious diversity leads to a decline in religious participation. Religious market models (e.g., Finke and Stark) argue the opposite. Voas, Olson, and Crockett found that nearly all of the vast research exploring this important question prior to 2002 was flawed due to a previously unrecognized noncausal statistical relationship between measures of religious diversity and measures of religious participation. Since 2002, this methodological issue has largely stymied research on this important topic. We first describe how, following Voas et al.’s recommendations, longitudinal models can overcome these problems. We then apply these methods to data measuring the religious composition of all U.S. counties found in the Religious Congregations and Membership Studies from 1980, 1990, 2000, and 2010. Using multilevel longitudinal regression models, we find that greater county-level religious diversity is followed by later declines in county-level religious participation rates. The negative effect size of religious diversity is large and robust to changes in the control variables and different methods of measuring religious diversity.