Experimental results of affective valence and arousal to avatar's facial expressions.

The objectives of this study were to propose a method of presenting dynamic facial expressions to experimental subjects, in order to investigate human perception of avatar's facial expressions of different levels of emotional intensity. The investigation concerned how perception varies according to the strength of facial expression, as well as according to an avatar's gender. To accomplish these goals, we generated a male and a female virtual avatar with five levels of intensity of happiness and anger using a morphing technique. We then recruited 16 normal healthy subjects and measured each subject's emotional reaction by scoring affective arousal and valence after showing them the avatar's face. Through this study, we were able to investigate human perceptual characteristics evoked by male and female avatars' graduated facial expressions of happiness and anger. In addition, we were able to identify that a virtual avatar's facial expression could affect human emotion in different ways according to the avatar's gender and the intensity of its facial expressions. However, we could also see that virtual faces have some limitations because they are not real, so subjects recognized the expressions well, but were not influenced to the same extent. Although a virtual avatar has some limitations in conveying its emotion using facial expressions, this study is significant in that it shows that a new potential exists to use or manipulate emotional intensity by controlling a virtual avatar's facial expression linearly using a morphing technique. Therefore, it is predicted that this technique may be used for assessing emotional characteristics of humans, and may be of particular benefit for work with people with emotional disorders through a presentation of dynamic expression of various emotional intensities.     

Judgments of moderator variables of agreement in person perception: A comparison of two cultures

Three moderators of agreement in person perception, behavioral consistency, observability and social desirability, were studied. The major hypothesis is that the moderators can be estimated using the standing of targets on traits; that is, that as targets vary on a given trait, they vary on how they are seen as on the moderators. Using Korean ( N  = 135) and US ( N  = 81) samples, we tested this approach for 80 traits. Analyses revealed that moderators varied by the combination of trait and target standing in different ways for the two samples. In judgment of behavioral consistency over target standings, linear and curvilinear trends were stronger for the US sample than for the Korean sample. For observability, judgments were similar, although curvilinear trends were larger for the Korean sample. Furthermore, being extremely positive was perceived as less desirable for the Korean judges. These findings were discussed in terms of cultural differences. Moreover, a new approach to the study of moderators was proposed.     

bootstrap法在合成分数信度区间估计中的应用

在介绍bootstrap法原理的基础上,本文以一个同质测量模式的模拟数据为例,对结构方程模型下使用bootstrap法对合成分数信度的区间估计的应用中进行了演示。     

定向遗忘影响延时测验吗

延时测验中是否存在定向遗忘效应一直是研究者们争论的焦点。因此,本文用汉语的低频单字作为材料,通过引入保持期变量（即时．延时）．以再认和偏好作为外显和内隐记忆测验束考察定向遗忘是否影响延时测验。     

为什么到手的金牌会“飞走”：竞赛中 “Choking”现象

“Choking”定义为,习惯的运动执行过程发生衰变的现象。其现象主要发生在比赛的关键时刻,或重大的赛事中。本文概述竞赛中的“Choking”现象及有关的定义,并进一步讨论有关的理论和研究中存在的问题。运动心理学家认为,“Choking”机制与运动焦虑有直接的联系。而社会心理学家认为,“Choking”的机制是,由于运动员有意识地控制运动过程,导致运动技术发生改变。理论上的分歧,使心理学家很难为运动员提出一个行之有效地预防“Choking”的方案。文章认为,当前的“Choking”理论过于简单地解释“Choking”现象,导致了实践中出现的矛盾。在综述这些问题的基础上,文章进一步讨论了一个“Choking”理论的“综合模式”。该理论模式强调多因素原则。在压力条件下,分析“Choking”机制应考虑任务特征和技术水平的因素。文章根据这一理论模式,建议运动员在比赛中,应分析具体情况,选择一个适合的应付压力的策略,是可以减少竞赛中“Choking”现象的。最后,文章建议了3个今后研究的方向。     

网络哲学论纲

人类社会正在从工业时代向网络时代迈进,作为时代精神精华的哲学也面临着自身的变革。网络哲学正是哲学反思网络时代的产物,即用网络的方式研究哲学,从哲学的角度思考网络。网络哲学是对当代以信息网络为基础的人类存在方式的全面变革进行哲学概括和反思的新兴哲学学科。主要研究对象是以网络为平台和中介的人自身、人与人、人与自然、人与社会、人与文化、人与世界的网络化关系和活动。     

当代中学生价值取向现状的调查研究

对来自北京、河北、山西、内蒙、山东、安徽、福建等7省市的958名初三至高三的中学生进行了价值取向的测量,并对中学生价值取向在性别、年级和生存状态等因素方面的特点进行了分析。结果表明：1．中学生的价值取向总体上是积极向上的,他们在重视正义公理和社会规范的同时,也重视对个人品德的要求和自我各项的发展;2．不同亚群体中学生的价值取向之间存在一定的差异。     

由神明看庄子思想与新罗传统

中国道家思想,尤其是庄子思想中多有与神仙家同源的思想,这就是源于古代东夷族的巫教思想演变来的舞袖飞扬而飞升天空的仙人思想,也就是神明思想.本文以<庄子>为中心考察神明概念及其内涵,并探究神明思想的渊源与古代韩国仙家思想之产生过程,以及新罗传统之成立过程.     

Personal versus interpersonal contributions to depressive symptoms among Hong Kong adolescents

Cross‐cultural theory proposes that an essential distinction between cultures lies in the extent to which individual members see themselves as either independent agents preferentially valuing agency and efficacy, or as embedded within a social context preferentially valuing interpersonal relationships. A nonreferred sample of 605 boys and 503 girls from Hong Kong provided information regarding: (1) perceptions of their personal self‐efficacy or beliefs regarding their own ability to master challenges they face; (2) the degree of harmony in their interpersonal (peer and family) relationships; and (3) depressive symptoms as an assessment of their mood. Cognitive theories of emotions propose that both the individual's assessment of his/her self‐efficacy and of his/her relationships influence mood. Hypotheses, based on cross‐cultural theory, were that in this collective culture, interpersonal evaluations would predict more of the variance in mood than would personal self‐efficacy. Contrary to Western sex‐differences literature, it was predicted that the effect of interpersonal harmony on mood would be equally pronounced for girls and for boys. Structural equation modelling was used to test causal models. Consistent with findings from the West, evaluations of personal self‐efficacy as well as interpersonal relationship harmony were significantly associated with depressed mood. Consistent with cultural theory, interpersonal relationship harmony was more strongly associated with mood than was personal self‐efficacy for the entire sample of adolescents. In contrast to findings of sex differences in the salience of relationships in the West, the prediction of interpersonal relationships to mood was equal for boys and girls in Hong Kong. This preliminary study extends models of cognitive concomitants of mood disruption to a non‐Western culture, and provides a framework to understand relative contnbutors to mood in adolescence. The findings tentatively suggest that treatment for depressive mood in Chinese populations should prioritize enhancement of the perceived quality of interpersonal relationships over increasing a sense of mastery.     

Studying Stereotype Accuracy from an Integrative Social‐Personality Perspective

This article proposes an integrative framework for understanding the accuracy and inaccuracy of stereotypes. Specifically, we highlight research issues and traditions from social and personality psychology that do not often intersect, but which can be mutually informative. Within this framework, the social psychologist's interest in the accuracy of group stereotypes is conceptually much like a personality psychologist's interest in the accuracy with which perceivers can identify types of individuals, for example extraverts. Both fields make use, implicitly or explicitly, of personal attributes and behaviors (cues) in assessing accuracy of beliefs about group or individual traits. By using Brunswik's lens model perspective in combination with concepts from signal detection theory, judgments of stereotypes can be discovered to be accurate or inaccurate depending on how perceivers judge or use the cues. In drawing on research traditions and theoretical frameworks from both social and personality psychology, researchers can go beyond an all‐or‐nothing stance regarding stereotype accuracy to achieve a more nuanced understanding of when, how, and to what extent stereotypes are accurate.