Phase field microelasticity theory of dislocation dynamics in a polycrystal: Model and three-dimensional simulations

A three-dimensional multidislocation system in a polycrystal under applied stress is treated as a particular case of the phase field microelasticity theory of multivariant stress-induced martensitic transformations in polycrystals. This approach reduces the problem of the evolution of a dislocation system to a solution of the nonlinear integrodifferential Ginzburg-Landau equation. In this formalism, the elastic interaction between dislocations and the elastic coupling between grains are taken into consideration through exact analytical solution of the elasticity problem. The dislocation reactions, such as multiplication and annihilation, are taken into account automatically. The dislocations are 'free' to choose the optimal evolution path. Examples of three-dimensional computer simulations are considered.     

Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin solution of cut-off frequency for horizontal shear (SH) waves in various inhomogeneous thin films

The Wentzel–Kramers–Brillouin method is employed to study the cut-off frequencies of the horizontal shear waves in a freestanding functionally graded piezoelectric–piezomagnetic material film with the electrically and magnetically open boundary conditions. An analytical solution, which could be used in analyzing the problems of various functionally graded materials, is proven to have high precision by analytical analysis and a numerical example. The results reveal that the set of cut-off frequencies is a series of approximate arithmetic progressions. A theoretical foundation based on the relationship between the cut-off frequencies and the materials’ gradient property is established for nondestructive evaluation.     

云南怒江傈僳族宗教信仰对其传统医药的影响

聚居于我国滇西北怒江大峡谷的傈僳族,主要信仰两种宗教,一是本民族固有的原始宗教;二是西方传教士于18世纪传入的基督教和天主教。宗教信仰渗透于傈僳族生产、生活的方方面面,对其传统文化的各个部分影响深刻,从宗教信仰的特征入手,分析其对傈僳族传统医药形成过程中的影响,以对这一古老民族的医药文化进行发掘整理。     

自我控制的“前额叶-皮质下平衡理论”

自我控制的前额叶-皮质下平衡理论认为,成功的自我控制基于前额叶脑区对皮质下脑区的调节能力;当前额叶脑区与皮质下脑区的平衡打破时,就会引起自我控制失败.以往各类型自我控制的脑机制研究,包括决策行为、欲求行为、情绪调节、态度/偏见调节的研究,均支持平衡理论的观点.未来研究有必要进一步分别考察不同类型自我控制中,前额叶脑区对皮质下脑区调节的具体路径,以及青少年前额叶-皮质下的平衡关系随年龄增长的发展趋势.     

Blue Monday Is Real for Suicide: A Case–Control Study of 188,601 Suicides

Many studies have reported that suicides tend to occur on Mondays. However, owing to a lack of controls, conclusive findings on the potential effects of a day of the week on suicides have been lacking. We analyzed public data for causes of death from 1997 to 2015 in the Republic of Korea. Accidental death was used as a control group. The probability of suicide on each day of the week according to age group was calculated. A total of 377,204 deaths (188,601 suicides and 188,603 accidental deaths) were used. The frequency of suicide was highest on Monday and decreased throughout the week until Saturday. Accidental death was highest on Saturday and showed no variations according to weekday. For people in their teens and 20s, the probabilities of suicide on Monday were 9% and 10% higher, respectively, than those on Sunday. As age increased, the differences in suicide probability according to the day of the week were attenuated. The so‐called Blue Monday effect is real, particularly for people in their teens and 20s. Suicide prevention strategies that aim to attenuate the burden and stress of Mondays should be planned.     

儒学传播与古代日本的国家教育

整体回顾儒学在古代日本的传播情况可知,儒学在日本的早期传播史可分为初传期、拓展期与转型期三个历史时段。以儒学在古代日本的国家和地方教育体系中的传播情况为主要考察对象,亦可发现中国儒学在日本最初的国家教育体系创立、发展过程中发挥的重要作用。在此基础上,即可从政治性、文化性、宗教性三个角度剖析中国儒学在古代日本传播的典型性特征及其现代启示意义。     

患者主体意识在现代医学语境中的价值困境分析

患者主体意识在现代医学语境中出现了话语权的失落和自证困难,这可能引起患者的不满。对主客二分的生物医学模式教条和僵化的运用是这一困境产生的主要原因。临床医生仍习惯于将疾病作狭义的生物学理解,造成了对患者主观陈述的轻视。若想突破困境,需要认识到医学具有科学和治疗手段的不同属性,在临床中加强医生对患者的理解与尊重,回归病人的真实世界,构建医患的共同决策环境,借鉴传统中医学身心一体的哲学思想,积极转换理念,探索新的路径。     

社会失范与心理障碍

我国社会转型期社会失范加剧 ,主要表现在权威失范、角色失范和社会主导价值观混乱。它使人们普遍感受到生存环境的不确定性和缺乏安全感 ,对于易感人群来说 ,则容易出现适应上的困难 ,进而产生各种心理障碍     

围手术期应激性高血糖管理

由于手术应激原影响,外科大手术围术期发生应激性高血糖屡见不鲜。围手术期血糖监测与控制对临床治疗意义重大。本文概括了围手术期应激性高血糖的发病机制、主要危害,从辩证思维的角度,归纳出灵活掌握控制标准,注意“度”的原则、整体性原则及动态性原则,从而有效控制围手术期发生的应激性高血糖。