What makes a group of good citizens? The role of perceived group‐level fit and critical psychological states in organizational teams

Recent studies have expanded the construct of organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) to the group level and demonstrated its significance in predicting group performance. In this study, we have further expanded this growing stream of research regarding group‐level OCB (GOCB), by identifying distinct group characteristics that predict GOCB. Specifically, we have isolated perceived group–organization (G–O) fit and group–task (G–T) fit as meaningful antecedents of GOCB. We further propose that the perceived G–O and G–T fit influence GOCB by shaping two intermediate psychological states of group members: cohesion and group efficacy. Our findings, which were based on multi‐source data collected from 43 organizational teams, demonstrated that cohesion completely mediated the effect of perceived G–O fit on GOCB. Group efficacy, however, proved not to be a significant mediator of the relationship between perceived G–T fit and GOCB. Instead, G–T fit had a significant direct effect on GOCB. This study highlights the significance of group‐level conceptualization of group–environment interaction as a potential driver of various group processes and outcomes.     

会话、心灵与实在——塞尔言语行为思想的三个维度

Speech act is an important issue of the philosophy of language. With the development from analytic philosophy to the philosophy of language,and then to the philosophy of mind,the contemporary philosopher Searle has been dedicating himself to perfecting speech act theory for decades. Firstly,based on the whole process of conversation,he enriched speech act theory within the framework of pragmatics,widening the scope of the philosophical study of meaning; secondly,by introducing the notion of intentionality,h...     

一项创新性微创手术的伦理争议

经自然腔道手术是一种创新性微创手术。但在临床研究过程中面临着诸多的伦理争议,例如人们究竟需要不需要这种手术,这种手术真的就是安全的吗?这些问题既需要研究者认真地给出答案,也是对伦理委员会审查创新性临床研究项目时提出的挑战。     

中国伊斯兰教教派归属的几个问题

本文根据史料文献,从教派组织制度、信仰礼仪等方面考察分析中国伊斯兰教历史上的教派归属问题。认为逊尼派(Sunni)在中国伊斯兰教中始终居主流地位,但什叶派(Shi‘ah)教义主张也曾获得流传,不过在中国伊斯兰教中教派分歧始终不明显。     

儒学传播与古代日本的国家教育

整体回顾儒学在古代日本的传播情况可知,儒学在日本的早期传播史可分为初传期、拓展期与转型期三个历史时段。以儒学在古代日本的国家和地方教育体系中的传播情况为主要考察对象,亦可发现中国儒学在日本最初的国家教育体系创立、发展过程中发挥的重要作用。在此基础上,即可从政治性、文化性、宗教性三个角度剖析中国儒学在古代日本传播的典型性特征及其现代启示意义。     

Blue Monday Is Real for Suicide: A Case–Control Study of 188,601 Suicides

Many studies have reported that suicides tend to occur on Mondays. However, owing to a lack of controls, conclusive findings on the potential effects of a day of the week on suicides have been lacking. We analyzed public data for causes of death from 1997 to 2015 in the Republic of Korea. Accidental death was used as a control group. The probability of suicide on each day of the week according to age group was calculated. A total of 377,204 deaths (188,601 suicides and 188,603 accidental deaths) were used. The frequency of suicide was highest on Monday and decreased throughout the week until Saturday. Accidental death was highest on Saturday and showed no variations according to weekday. For people in their teens and 20s, the probabilities of suicide on Monday were 9% and 10% higher, respectively, than those on Sunday. As age increased, the differences in suicide probability according to the day of the week were attenuated. The so‐called Blue Monday effect is real, particularly for people in their teens and 20s. Suicide prevention strategies that aim to attenuate the burden and stress of Mondays should be planned.     

患者主体意识在现代医学语境中的价值困境分析

患者主体意识在现代医学语境中出现了话语权的失落和自证困难,这可能引起患者的不满。对主客二分的生物医学模式教条和僵化的运用是这一困境产生的主要原因。临床医生仍习惯于将疾病作狭义的生物学理解,造成了对患者主观陈述的轻视。若想突破困境,需要认识到医学具有科学和治疗手段的不同属性,在临床中加强医生对患者的理解与尊重,回归病人的真实世界,构建医患的共同决策环境,借鉴传统中医学身心一体的哲学思想,积极转换理念,探索新的路径。     

社会失范与心理障碍

我国社会转型期社会失范加剧 ,主要表现在权威失范、角色失范和社会主导价值观混乱。它使人们普遍感受到生存环境的不确定性和缺乏安全感 ,对于易感人群来说 ,则容易出现适应上的困难 ,进而产生各种心理障碍     

韦克斯勒儿童智力量表中国修订版(WISC-CR)上海市区常模(WISC-CRs)制订报告

本研究是在WISC-CR的基础上制订的上海地区(市区)常模,代表我国经济文化较高的大城市水平。常模样组为6至16岁学龄儿童共660人。常模形式是:(1)各年龄组的《与原始分等值的量表分》;(2)《与量表总分等值的IQ分》(本文略)。 本常模经信度、效度检验,表明WISC-CR是适合测量中国学龄儿童的智力量表。 论文还分析了本样组与美国WISC-R样组在分测验上的差异。     

A Case Study of Solution-Focused Brief Family Therapy

Abstract

Solution-focused brief therapy (SFBT) was developed as a form of family therapy. Recently, these features have blurred. This case study explores how Insoo Kim Berg interacts with multiple family members in SFBT. The results indicate that she used a circular procedure to ensure that all the family members were involved in the process. The analysis demonstrates the importance of purposeful use of language and the influence of systems theory in SFBT. SFBT provides a useful framework that enables a family therapist to work together with families to help them make the changes they want with their own strengths and resources.