顶叶在特征捆绑中的作用--对一例典型双侧顶叶损伤病人的研究

本实验以一例典型双侧顶叶损伤患者为研究对象,以数字和几何形状为材料,采用形状和颜色特征识别任务,主要考察了顶叶及空间信息是否影响视觉特征捆绑。结果显示,患者在特征捆绑任务上操作成绩较差,错觉性结合错误远远多于特征错误,且正确反应及错觉性结合受刺激间的距离及呈现方式的影响,表现出距离和位置效应。这些结果表明,顶叶在视觉特征捆绑中起重要作用,这种影响作用很可能与空间注意有关。本研究进一步为特征整合理论提供了神经心理学的证据。     

大学生精神信仰的现状研究

本研究首次关注大学生的精神信仰,通过问卷对1100名大学生调查,发现大学生精神信仰存在如下特点：社会信仰占优势,其次依次为实用信仰和超自然信仰;民族主义、生命崇拜和国家主义位居前三位,宗教信仰、金钱崇拜和神灵崇拜位居后三位。     

Ministry Demand and Stress Among Korean American Pastors: A Brief Report

This study examined the relationship between ministry demand and three outcome variables among a sample of 194 Korean American pastors. Results showed that the demands of boundary ambiguity and presumptive expectations were negatively associated with well-being and positively associated with symptomatic stress. There was no association with life satisfaction. Exploratory analyses showed significant cultural differences between this sample and a non-Korean sample regarding the construct of boundary ambiguity.     

The effects of torture‐related stressors on long‐term complex post‐traumatic symptoms in South Korean torture survivors

This study explored whether perceived distress from specific stressors during and after torture explain long‐term complex post‐traumatic symptoms of South Korean torture survivors. We conducted a cross‐sectional survey of survivors who had been tortured by the homeland regime from the 1970s to the 2000s. Data from 206 survivors were gathered by key informants using target sampling and snowballing techniques. Project staff designed scales to encompass the specific types of stressors related to torture techniques used in Korea. Frequencies and distress ratings of exposure to torture, post‐torture psychosocial stressors and physical damage related to torture were gathered. Psychological symptoms were assessed by the Impact of Event Scale‐Revised‐Korean version and subscales of the Symptom Checklist 90‐Revised‐Korean version. Perceived distress from torture stressors was mainly divided into factors representing physical, psychological and deprivation torture by adapting a principal axis factor analysis. Hierarchical regression analyses showed that distress from psychological torture explained post‐traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and that distress from deprivation explained PTSD and anxiety after controlling for demographic variables, psychological preparedness, time span since torture and distress from trauma other than torture. Among post‐torture stressors, distress from physical damage related to torture and social exclusion were strong indicators of complex symptoms.     

In situ transformation from P phase to μ phase in rhenium-containing single-crystal superalloy during thermal exposure

An in situ phase transformation from P to μ in a rhenium-containing superalloy during high-temperature exposure has been investigated by transmission electron microscopy. The orientation relationship between the phases is found as (1–12)_μ // (1?0?0)_P and [2?4?1]_μ // [0?1?1]_P. An atomic model of the μ/P interface was built to reveal a perfectly coherent interface with lattice misfits of only 0.421 and 1.098%. Considering the small lattice distortions and the similar elemental composition of the phases, it is concluded that the phase transformation from P to μ is favourable.     

Why Reject Creative Ideas? Fear as a Driver of Implicit Bias Against Creativity

Biases against creativity seem to be activated when people are motivated to reduce uncertainty. Drawing on the appraisal model of emotion, this study tested whether and how emotions with varying levels of uncertainty appraisals affect biases against creativity. This experimental study showed that fear, characterized by a high-uncertainty appraisal, promoted implicit, but not explicit, biases against creativity more strongly than low-uncertainty emotions such as anger and happiness. Compared with individuals who experienced anger and happiness, those who experienced fear provided lower creativity ratings because of their implicit biases against creativity. These results highlight the importance of considering emotions to understand the individuals’ biases against creativity and their recognition of creative ideas.     

Reconnecting with the past in social media: The moderating role of social influence in nostalgia marketing on Pinterest

Nostalgia marketing practices in social media help brands link consumers with happier times from the past. A randomized 2 (evoked nostalgia: high vs. low) × 2 (social influence: high vs. low) between‐subjects factorial design experiment was conducted to examine the effects of nostalgia and social influence on consumers' judgments in the brand management context of Pinterest boards. The results revealed the strong main effect of evoked nostalgia on consumers' attitudes toward the Pinterest board and the brand, purchase intention, willingness to pass along branded pins, and brand–consumer relationship quality. Furthermore, this study discovered the significant moderating role of social influence for all dependent measures. Strongly (vs. weakly) evoked nostalgia generated more favorable responses only when social influence was high. In contrast, there were no significant differences between strongly and weakly evoked nostalgia when social influence was low. Theoretical contributions to the nostalgia literature and managerial implications for social media marketing are discussed.     

The Maternal (Non) Responsiveness Questionnaire: Initial Factor Structure and Validation

The purpose of this paper was to examine the reliability, stability, and convergent and predictive validity of the newly developed Maternal Responsiveness Questionnaire (MRQ). Participants were 224 first‐time mothers. Mothers completed the MRQ when their infants were 6 and 14 months old. Convergent validity was examined in relation to mother‐reported personality, depressive symptoms, and emotion socialization practices and observed maternal sensitivity. Predictive validity was examined in relation to mother‐reported child behaviour problems and social competence, infant attachment security assessed via the Strange Situation, and observed child dysregulation. Three MRQ factors emerged based on exploratory factor analysis and were confirmed via confirmatory factor analysis: responsiveness, non‐responsiveness, and delayed responsiveness. All three scales demonstrated good internal consistency reliability and significant stability from 6 months to 14 months. Consistent evidence emerged for convergent and predictive validity of the non‐responsiveness subscale, but not the other subscales. The potential utility of the non‐responsiveness subscale of the MRQ is discussed. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

当代中国工人价值取向:状况与特点

采用问卷调查法来自全国8省市的437名工人的价值取向现状进行了研究。结果表明：1．在总体上,当代中国工人具有积极向上的价值取向,重视品格追求、公共利益、工作成就、法规和家庭人伦前提的价值;2．性别、年龄、居住地和教育水平对某些方面的价值取向有显著的影响。     

质地密度逐渐变化对触觉识别的作用

研究关于输入、本体感受和输出对表面触觉认知的影响,旨在探索运用触觉识别质地密度逐渐变化的表面时,理论关于表面粗糙度恒定的情况下,主动手指运动产生的信息不影响触觉认知的解释是否仍然成立。实验采用表面质地密度呈正态曲线式逐渐变化,组成正负两组变化方向。正方向变化为表面质点密度向中逐渐增大,与手指触摸运动的加减速方式一致;负方向变化为表面质点密度向中逐渐减小,与手指触摸运动的加减速方式相反;另外包括一个表面密度不变的平面。让被试辨别表面质地密度变化的方向,结果发现被试能够很好地判别表面质地密度变化的方向,但在判别正向变化的表面时显得更准确;当表面密度没有变化时,被试倾向于判别为正向变化。这一发现没有支持表面密度恒定的触觉认知解释模型。与常规直觉相反,研究还发现即时反馈并没有改进触觉识别,反而降低了辨别的正确率。质地密度逐渐变化的触觉识别在变化的大小、准确和自信心方面都显示了不同,但没有发现认知学习作用该触觉任务辨别的过程。基于这些发现,文章讨论了触觉质地感知和有关存在的理论解释模式。