从佛教量论看翻译的实质及类型划分--兼论翻译理论中的不可译性问题

本文首先从佛教量论的角度对翻译的实质做出界定,指出翻译的实质是一种为他(社会性)的比量活动。根据翻译为他比量的实质,可以引导出翻译的两种类型：比知翻译和喻知翻译。比知翻译是具有事先直接约定性的语言传递活动;喻知翻译是没有事先直接约定的语言传递活动。根据从佛教量论对翻译实质和类型的规定,本文分析了不可译性问题,揭示出不可译性在认识论上的误区,指出不可译性是不可知论或怀疑论在翻译领域的显现。     

先秦音乐与儒家的礼乐理想

中国古代音乐的基本理论在先秦时期已初具系统。从音律上看,先秦音乐与现代音乐或西方古代音乐不存在本质上的不同,但在音阶的选用上,人们把“五声”视为最理想的音阶,所追求的音乐意念是“和”。先秦儒家在继承周代礼乐制度的基础上提出了“礼以别宜、乐以敦和”的礼乐理想作为治国平天下的基本途径,不仅使礼乐之间的互补关系得到进一步发展,还使“乐”的含义发生了深刻的转化。所谓乐,不仅指声音的和谐,更重要的是内心的愉悦,即“无声之乐”。它所强调的是个人对差别性社会规范即礼的发自内心的认同,并从生活践履中获得和乐的内在体验。     

Synaptogenesis and heritable aspects of executive attention

In humans, changes in brain structure and function can be measured non-invasively during postnatal development. In animals, advanced optical imaging measures can track the formation of synapses during learning and behavior. With the recent progress in these technologies, it is appropriate to begin to assess how the physiological processes of synapse, circuit, and neural network formation relate to the process of cognitive development. Of particular interest is the development of executive function, which develops more gradually in humans. One approach that has shown promise is molecular genetics. The completion of the human genome project and the human genome diversity project make it straightforward to ask whether variation in a particular gene correlates with variation in behavior, brain structure, brain activity, or all of the above. Strategies that unify the wealth of biochemical knowledge pertaining to synapse formation with the functional measures of brain structure and activity may lead to new insights in developmental cognitive psychology.     

学习困难学生认知加工机制的研究

采用两因素混合实验设计,在严格控制条件下,比较了学困生和学优生在工作记忆容量上的差异,并在此基础上引入提示程序进一步探讨,学困生ＷＭ容量低主要是由存贮能力造成的还是由加工效率造成的或是两者时起作用的问题。     

肿瘤生物学治疗研究的现状及思考

肿瘤发生的相关因素众多,经历正常体细胞的突变,免疫系统对突变细胞的识别及系统对肿瘤细胞的杀伤作用等三个阶段。人类在攻克肿瘤的斗争中农渐认识到,免疫系统对肿瘤细胞的识别是关系到肿瘤是否发生的关键,重建免疫识别是人类攻克肿瘤的希望。     

对分心物特性抑制中位置因素的排除

本研究以汉语单字词为材料,使用反应时技术,考察在归类住条中分心物的位置因素是否也与分心物特性因素一样,影响被试对探测显示中目标的反应时间（RTDT）。结果表明,RTDT不随分心物位置数目变化而变化,只随着分心物特性数目变化而变化．由此得出,象归类这种属于语义表征的、与位置无关的任务中被试并不抑制分心物出现的位置,并可进一步推论,分心物抑制可能是一种灵活机制。     

Optimal sequential designs for on-line item estimation

Replenishing item pools for on-line ability testing requires innovative and efficient data collection designs. By generating localD-optimal designs for selecting individual examinees, and consistently estimating item parameters in the presence of error in the design points, sequential procedures are efficient for on-line item calibration. The estimating error in the on-line ability values is accounted for with an item parameter estimate studied by Stefanski and Carroll. LocallyD-optimaln-point designs are derived using the branch-and-bound algorithm of Welch. In simulations, the overall sequential designs appear to be considerably more efficient than random seeding of items.This report was prepared under the Navy Manpower, Personnel, and Training R&D Program of the Office of the Chief of Naval Research under Contract N00014-87-0696. The authors wish to acknowledge the valuable advice and consultation given by Ronald Armstrong, Charles Davis, Bradford Sympson, Zhaobo Wang, Ing-Long Wu and three anonymous reviewers.     

团体儿童智力测验的编制：目的、准则及其衡鉴

论文阐述了选择编制与世界著名的个别施测的韦克斯勒儿童智力测验相似的但团体施行的儿童智力测验的理由;论述了指导新编测验的五条准则以及选题过程;还报告了对新编测验试用稿的几次相继的因素分析及其它的信度、效度检验结果。     

On getting to know you: The association between the stage of a relationship and reciprocity of self-disclosure

The problem of the study was to determine the association between the stage of relationship and the depth of reciprocal self-disclosures. The subjects were 68 Korean female university students including 17 original subjects, each of whom enlisted one person at each of three relationship stages for disclosing sessions (i.e., with an acquaintance, a friend, and her best friend). Structured conversations were carried on and recorded at each of the relationship stages. The conversations were content analyzed by two judges. The results indicated that (1) there is a linear inverse association between stage of relationship and the generation of nonintimate reciprocal self-disclosures, and (2) there is a curvilinear association between the stage of relationship and the generation of intimate reciprocal self-disclosures.