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排序方式: 共有673条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
611.
The acquisition of the skin conductance response (SCR) during functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) raises significant
safety issues, as well as practical ones, which need to be addressed in order for these experiments to be conducted safely
and successfully. Metallic and conductive wires in the presence of time-varying gradient magnetic fields such as those present
in fMRI experiments may induce heating, as well as electric fields, in these components and, if in contact with the subject,
could produce severe burns and electric shocks. Moreover, these metallic and conductive components can significantly distort
the magnetic field, resulting in image artifacts. A system for recording the SCR in humans simultaneously with fMRI is presented.
The device is a fiber-optic-based transducer, which records the SCR from two fingers of the same hand, using electrodes containing
inline radio frequency (RF) suppression filters and protective resistive loads. The fiber-optic SCR transducer was tested
using 1.5 and 3.0 Tesla MRI scanners running EPI sequences. This system was able to safely record SCRs free of RF interference
during an fMRI experiment, and the fiber-optic design of the transducer eliminated any artifacts on the MRI scan. 相似文献
612.
613.
Loneliness is a subjective and unpleasant emotional state that occurs when people feel social networks or social relationships are deficient in some way. People with multiple sclerosis are often lonely and frequently withdraw from participating in meaningful social activities. Common symptoms, such as cognitive changes, decreased physical functioning, fatigue, incontinence, visual changes, or depression, may contribute to decreased social participation, which can lead to loneliness. This article presents an intervention protocol for improving loneliness in people with multiple sclerosis. This protocol is based on Bandura’s Social Learning Theory, which focuses on improving self-efficacy to reduce loneliness in people with multiple sclerosis. 相似文献
614.
RESUMENJohannes C. Brengelmann dirige la sección de Psicología del instituto Max-Planck de Munich y es ampliamente conocido en España por su influencia directa o indirecta sobre algunos de los psicólogos que más han contribuido a la extensión de las técnicas de Modificación de Conducta en España. Tanto desde una perspectiva institucional como desde un punto de vista científico, su aportación al desarrollo de los procedimientos conductuales en Europa ha sido decisiva. En esta entrevista, el profesor Brengelmann, se refiere a las influencias recibidas en su formación, sus intereses actuales en la psicología clínica y medicina comportamental y la organización del trabajo en la sección de psicología del Instituto Max-Planck de psiquiatría. También evalúa críticamente el desarrollo de las terapias cognitivas y valora el desarrollo de la psicología española en el contexto de la Europea. 相似文献
615.
Soledad Ballesteros Jiménez 《Estudios de Psicología》2013,34(16):66-83
ResumenSe analiza la controversia herencia-ambiente en la determinación de la inteligencia y se expone la evidencia existente a favor y en contra de su modificabilidad. Este tema, debatido durante muchos años en psicología, ha dado lugar a tomas de postura contrapuestas, y, en ocasiones, demasiado radicales. Se concluye que aún aceptando un elevado componente genético de la inteligencia existe un amplio margen (entre 20 y 40 puntos de CI) de modificabilidad como resultado de la influencia del ambiente. En la actualidad, se contempla con optimismo la posibilidad de elevar la inteligencia, sobre todo en los niños desfavorecidos, a través de programas de intervención social y educativa. 相似文献
616.
RESUMENEn esta entrevista con el psicólogo Heiner Ellgring, investigador del Instituto Max Planck de Munich, se habla, entre otros temas, de las investigaciones del profesor Ellging dentro de la psicología social y la psicología clínica desde el punto de vista de la aplicación de conceptos de la etología, la psicología cognitiva y la psicología social en el estudio de las emociones y el análisis conductual no-verbal. La interpretación de este “lenguaje silencioso” de gestos, miradas y posturas, como fuente de conocimiento para la aplicación de las investigaciones de la Psicología básica en la interpretación y práctica clínica. 相似文献
617.
Maria C. D’Angelo Bruce Milliken Luis Jiménez Juan Lupiáñez 《Consciousness and cognition》2013,22(1):64-81
Attention is often dichotomized into controlled vs. automatic processing, where controlled processing is slow, flexible, and intentional, and automatic processing is fast, inflexible, and unintentional. In contrast to this strict dichotomy, there is mounting evidence for context-specific processes that are engaged rapidly yet are also flexible. In the present study we extend this idea to the domain of implicit learning to examine whether flexibility in automatic processes can be implemented through the reliance on contextual features. Across three experiments we show that participants can learn implicitly two complementary sequences that are associated with distinct contexts, and that transfer of learning when the two contexts are randomly intermixed depends on the distinctiveness of the two contexts. Our results point to the role of context-specific processes in the acquisition and expression of implicit sequence knowledge, and also suggest that episodic details can be represented in sequence knowledge. 相似文献
618.
Antonia Jiménez-Iglesias Carmen Moreno Francisco Rivera Irene García-Moya 《Journal of child and family studies》2013,22(5):585-602
The aim of this study was to examine the role of family dimensions in tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use among adolescents. Furthermore, we investigated how demographic variables (adolescents’ gender and age) influence substance use and moderate the relationship between family dimensions and substance use. The sample consisted of 14,825 adolescents aged 13–14, 15–16, and 17–18 who participated in the 2006 edition of the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) study in Spain. The HBSC-2006 questionnaire included demographic variables (gender and age), substance use variables (tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use), and family dimensions (parental affection, parental promotion of autonomy, family activities, adolescent disclosure, parental solicitation, and parental knowledge). The results indicated that adolescent disclosure, family activities, and parental knowledge had a significant effect on substance use. Specifically, maternal variables were shown to be slightly more relevant than paternal variables. Additionally, substance use was higher in older adolescents than in younger adolescents, and boys smoked less than girls. The discussion focused on how family dimensions promoted responsible substance use in adolescence. 相似文献
619.
This paper discusses the importance of the ‘good-enough’ development of the core self in the couple relationship. It argues that difficulties in the development of the self lie behind a significant number of troubled couple relationships. Part 1 focuses on individual psychotherapy and how changes to the core self are often attended by shifts in the marital relationship. It traces how this occurs through clinical material and analyses what kinds of changes to the self are needed for the couple relationship to function well. Psychodynamic theory is used to understand the core changes over time and how these are related to significant second-order change in the couple relationship. The construct of the ‘transitional space’ is used to theorize the couple relationship. Implications for the practice of individual psychotherapy are discussed. In Part 2, the significance of change in the experience of the self of one or both partners for a successful outcome of couples therapy is discussed, along with the place of work with individual partner(s) in the course of conjoint couples therapy. 相似文献
620.
William D. Winter Antonio J. Ferreira Jim L. Olson 《Journal of personality assessment》2013,95(3):392-397
One hundred twenty-six three-member families were asked to produce conjointly three TAT stories based on nine cards, which were scored by the Arnold system of Story Sequence Analysis. There were 50 families with normal children, 44 with emotionally maladjusted, 16 with schizophrenic, and 16 with delinquent children. Analysis of the results revealed that the Arnold score successfully differentiated normal from abnormal families, but that the three abnormal groups did not differ from each other. The last set of TAT cards given was the most effective. 相似文献