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851.
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The frozen cyborg: A reply to Selinger and Engström 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Andy Clark 《Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences》2008,7(3):343-346
Selinger and Engstrom, A moratorium on cyborgs: Computation, cognition and commerce, 2008 (this issue) urge upon us a moratorium on ‘cyborg discourse’. But the argument underestimates the richness and complexity
of our ongoing communal explorations. It leans on a somewhat outdated version of the machine metaphor (exemplified perhaps
by a frozen 1970’s Cyborg). The modern cyborg, informed by an evolving computational model of mind, can play a positive role
in the critical discussions that Selinger and Engstrom seek. 相似文献
854.
The key question in this three way debate is the role of the collectivity and of agency. Collins and Shrager debate whether
cognitive psychology has, like the sociology of knowledge, always taken the mind to extend beyond the individual. They agree
that irrespective of the history, socialization is key to understanding the mind and that this is compatible with Clark’s
position; the novelty in Clark’s “extended mind” position appears to be the role of the material rather than the role of other
minds. Collins and Clark debate the relationship between self, agency, and the human collectivity. Collins argues that the
Clark’s extended mind fails to stress the asymmetry of the relationship between the self and its material “scaffolding.” Clark
accepts that there is asymmetry but that an asymmetrical ensemble is sufficient to explain the self. Collins says that we
know too little about the material world to pursue such a model to the exclusion of other approaches including that both the
collectivity and language have agency. The collectivity must be kept in mind! (Though what follows is a robust exchange of
views it is also a cooperative effort, authors communicating “backstage” with each other to try to make the disagreements
as clear and to the point as possible.)
相似文献
Jeff ShragerEmail: |
855.
This paper draws on the authors' recent experience of piloting qualitative research into helpful and hindering events in supervision using interpersonal process recall with three supervisor‐supervisee dyads. This paper presents in some detail the findings from one dyad. The authors draw on their experience of the research to raise questions relating to ethics and methodology and the implications for practice are considered. 相似文献
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To identify marital power difficulties specifically associated with depression, twenty couples in which the female partner was depressed were compared on a range of interpersonal power variables with twenty healthy control couples and also with twenty couples in which the female partner had a disorder other than depression (specifically panic disorder with agoraphobia (PDA)). Couples in the depressed group had two features that distinguished them from couples in both the PDA and control groups and which were independent of relationship dissatisfaction. In the depressed group, both partners reported more physical assault in the year prior to the study and depressed women were more dissatisfied with their control of surplus spending money. Couples in the depressed group had a series of features that distinguished them from couples in both the PDA and control groups but which were due in part to relationship dissatisfaction. Depressed women were less committed to their relationships. Both partners in depressed couples reported more demand–withdraw transactions and less mutual constructive communication within their relationships. Depressed women reported more dissatisfaction with decision-making and greater dissatisfaction in childcare task distribution. 相似文献
858.
Ruth Anne Clark Michael Dockum Heidi Hazeu Meikuan Huang Nan Luo Jason Ramsey Angel Spyrou 《Sex roles》2004,50(9-10):699-709
The purpose of this study was to explore the expectation that, in conversations between unacquainted men and women, men would disclose more than women and would create a positive impression in so doing. In 8-min, relatively unstructured conversations, both men and women (N=301) perceived themselves and their partners as disclosing approximately the same amount. For both sexes, the more their partners disclosed, the more favorably they rated their partners on social attractiveness and positive attributes. Moreover, both sexes believed that the more they disclosed themselves, the more positively their partners evaluated them. However, the strength of this relationship was significantly stronger for men than for women. Neither sex conformed to the expectation that men should disclose more, but both may have believed to some extent that their partners were evaluating them in accord with this expectation. 相似文献
859.
The psychological and educational consequences of sexual harassment for high school students were investigated in two studies. Both studies involved a modified survey originally designed for the American Association of University Women (1993). In Study 1, which involved 760 male and 779 female high school students (mainly 16- to 19-year-olds), we compared the behaviors and attitudes of (a) students who had recently been harassed and were upset by it, and (b) students who had not been harassed. Harassment led to several negative psychological and educational consequences rather than to a general stress reaction. Consequences varied with the type of harassment experienced. In Study 2, we surveyed 30 male and 67 female university students who were enrolled in a 1st year psychology course. We found that current doubt about romantic relations was associated with two types of harassment experienced during high school. Thus, some specific consequences of harassment might be long-lasting. 相似文献
860.