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191.
I look at a recent argument offered in defense of a doctrine which I will call generalized scientific essentialism. This is the doctrine according to which, not only are some facts about substance composition metaphysically necessary, but, in addition, some facts about substance behavior are metaphysically necessary. More specifically, so goes the argument, not only is water necessarily composed of H2O and salt is necessarily composed of NaCl, but, in addition, salt necessarily dissolves in water. If this argument is sound, and if the statement that necessarily salt dissolves in water is a statement of a law of nature, then one conclusion of the argument is that there is at least one metaphysically necessary law of nature. My paper examines the extent to which this kind of argument could be generalized to provide a case for a full-blown scientific essentialism: the doctrine according to which all of the laws of nature are necessary. Or, in terms of dispositions, it is the doctrine according to which natural kinds have all of their powers, capacities and propensities as a matter of necessity. 相似文献
192.
193.
194.
Object Exploration and a Problem with Reductionism 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0
The purpose of this paper is to use neuroscientific evidence to address the philosophical issue of intertheoretic reduction.
In particular, we present a literature review and a new experiment to show that the reduction of cognitive psychology to neuroscience
is implausible. To make this case, we look at research using object exploration, an important experimental paradigm in neuroscience,
behavioral genetics and psychopharmacology. We show that a good deal of object exploration research is potentially confounded
precisely because it assumes that psychological generalizations can be reduced to neuroscientific ones. 相似文献
195.
196.
In this paper, we present three main results on orthologics. Firstly, we give a sufficient condition for an orthologic to have variable separation property and show that the orthomodular logic has this property. Secondly, we show that the class of modular orthologics has an infinite descending chain. Finally we show that there exists a continuum of orthologics. 相似文献
197.
198.
Andrzej Kisielewicz has proposed three systems of double extension set theory of which we have shown two to be inconsistent in an earlier paper. Kisielewicz presented an argument that the remaining system interprets ZF, which is defective: it actually shows that the surviving possibly consistent system of double extension set theory interprets ZF with Separation and Comprehension restricted to 0 formulas. We show that this system does interpret ZF, using an analysis of the structure of the ordinals. 相似文献
199.
In this paper we present the syntax and semantics of a temporal action language named Alan, which was designed to model interactive multimedia presentations where the Markov property does not always hold. In general,
Alan allows the specification of systems where the future state of the world depends not only on the current state, but also on
the past states of the world. To the best of our knowledge, Alan is the first action language which incorporates causality with temporal formulas. In the process of defining the effect of
actions we define the closure with respect to a path rather than to a state, and show that the non-Markovian model is an extension
of the traditional Markovian model. Finally, we establish relationship between theories of Alan and logic programs. 相似文献
200.
The fixed point combinator (Y) is an important non-proper combinator, which is defhable from a combinatorially complete base. This combinator guarantees
that recursive equations have a solution. Structurally free logics (LC) turn combinators into formulas and replace structural rules by combinatory ones. This paper introduces the fixed point and
the dual fixed point combinator into structurally free logics. The admissibility of (multiple) cut in the resulting calculus is not provable by a simple adaptation of the similar proof for LC with proper combinators. The novelty of our proof—beyond proving the cut for a newly extended calculus–is that we add a fourth induction to the by-and-large Gentzen-style proof.
Presented by Robert Goldblatt 相似文献