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Tactile-based pantomime-grasping requires that a performer use their right hand to ‘grasp’ a target previously held in the palm of their opposite hand – a task examining how mechanoreceptive (i.e., tactile) feedback informs the motor system about an object property (i.e., size). Here, we contrasted pantomime-grasps performed with (H+) and without (H?) haptic feedback (i.e., thumb and forefinger position information derived from the grasping hand touching the object) with a condition providing visual KR (VKR) related to absolute target object size. Just-noticeable-difference (JND) scores were computed to determine whether responses adhered to – or violated – Weber's law. JNDs for H+ trials violated the law, whereas H? and VKR trials adhered to the law. Accordingly, results demonstrate that haptic feedback – and not KR – supports an absolute tactile-haptic calibration.  相似文献   
213.
    
Research suggests the prevalence of suicide ideation and suicide attempts in the transgender veteran community may be upwards of 20 times higher than nontransgender veterans, who are known to be at increased risk than the general US population. This study aimed to understand the potential influence of external and internal minority stress experienced during and after military service on past‐year and recent suicide ideation in a sample of 201 transgender veterans. Nonparametric bootstrapping analyses indicated past‐year transgender‐specific discrimination and rejection (external minority stress) indirectly predicted frequency of both past‐year and past 2‐week suicide ideation through past‐year shame related to gender identity (internal minority stress). This result was significant when controlling for symptoms of depression and demographics. Similar patterns emerged when examining relationships among military external and internal minority stress on suicide outcomes. These results suggest that attempts to reduce both the experience and impact of minority stressors related to gender identity during and after military service may be an important avenue for suicide prevention.  相似文献   
214.
    
Empirically supported consultation procedures for supporting implementation of evidence-based interventions for Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), such as performance feedback, may be challenging to implement in public schools. Educators may find performance feedback aversive, and support personnel may find its directiveness incompatible with their professional roles. This pilot study extends recent advances in implementation science, by investigating the influence of tiered consultation on intervention integrity of Discrete Trial Teaching (DTT). A less intensive form of implementation support was examined for its feasibility and effectiveness. Collaborative Student Data Review (CSDR) includes discussion, general feedback, and modeling. Preliminary findings indicate that CSDR is a feasible and acceptable form of implementation support, and that it shows potential as a form of implementation support for DTT.  相似文献   
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Since the 1950s, there has been a systemic development of research on creative personality. Three themes are apparent in this literature: individual differences of creative people, the construct of creative personality, and longitudinal studies about creative personality. However, little research has been conducted in any of these areas with Chinese samples, and the purpose of this study is to study the construct of Chinese adolescents' creative personality. Confirmatory factor analyses were conducted with data from 1,300 Chinese adolescents. The results provide evidence that adolescents' creative personality consists of three largely independent dimensions: Internal, External, and Self. The internal factor includes self-confidence, norm-doubt, internal motivation, and persistence; the external factor includes curiosity, risk-taking, openness and independence; the self factor pertains to self-acceptance.  相似文献   
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This article examines the role of message‐induced state empathy in persuasion. Message‐induced empathy is conceptualized as a perception–action process that consists of affective, cognitive, and associative components. Twenty professionally produced public service announcements (PSAs) were used as stimuli messages in a 2 (high vs. low empathy) × 2 (antismoking vs. drunk driving) × 5 (messages) mixed‐design quasi‐experimental study. The 289 participants were randomly assigned to each cell and watched five PSAs presented in a random sequence. Results showed that state empathy has unique contribution to predicting persuasion outcomes above and beyond the individual's affective and cognitive responses to the messages. In addition, state empathy also has an indirect effect on persuasion via mitigating psychological reactance.  相似文献   
217.
    
The effects of the format by which information is presented on the cognitive processes of belief updating were investigated in the present research. Because of the differences in the affordance of verbal vs. numerical information, it is predicted that the belief updating processes involved in processing verbal and numerical information would be different. Specifically, the additive rule is used to combine information using verbal formats, while the averaging rule is used to combine information using numerical formats. Two experiments were conducted to test these hypotheses. Experiment 1 tested the belief updating process in the positive direction, and Experiment 2 tested the process in the negative direction. Two independent variables were manipulated: information presentation format (verbal vs numerical) and presentation order (strong–weak vs weak–strong). The participants were asked to adjust their purchase likelihood of a consumer product based on the sequential presentations of two experts' opinions. These two opinions varied in their formats (verbal vs. numerical) and strengths (strong vs weak). The two opinions were presented in either the strong–weak order or the weak–strong order. Participants were instructed to first anchor their purchase likelihood at 50%, and then adjust the purchase likelihood, first based on the first expert's opinion, and second based on both experts' opinions. In both experiments the hypotheses that participants employed an additive rule to integrate verbal information and an averaging rule to integrate numerical information were supported.  相似文献   
218.
  总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2  
  相似文献   
219.
    
The current research examines the judgment processes of third-party evaluators of sexual harassment situations. Four situational variables were hypothesized to influence ratings of situation appropriateness and judgments of sexual harassment. The evaluator's gender and personality also were hypothesized to influence both ratings. Participants were 73 male and 51 female undergraduate students. Results indicated that behavior severity and victim response significantly influenced ratings. The frequency of the behavior influenced appropriateness ratings, but interacted with behavior severity for harassment judgments. The effects of the gender of the evaluator were mediated by the evaluator's level of tolerance for harassment. The effects of the power relationship and rater personality were not significant.  相似文献   
220.
本文对内省作为一种心理学的基本方法作了历史回顾。作者还把内省看作人的某种个性倾向或心理特征尝试进行实证研究。调查结果表明,内省在被试看来,是自我概念形成与发展所必不可少的。结果还使作者确信,对内省联系个体心理与行为的调适作实证研究,不仅可行,而且有益。  相似文献   
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