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221.
Some studies have found an association between spirituality and/or religiosity (SpR) and cardiovascular health, for reasons which remain unclear. This study explores whether SpR is linked to physical activity whilst young, which in turn is linked to long-term cardiovascular health. Students at a Catholic University in Australia completed a survey combining the SpREUK-P SF 17 SpR questionnaire with elements of the long-form 7-day recall International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Respondents who scored highly in the unconventional spiritual practices components of SpREUK-P engaged in moderate intensity physical activity more frequently. This finding may have implications for health promotion. 相似文献
222.
223.
Jillian R. Rivard Michelle M. Pena Nadja Schreiber Compo 《Memory (Hove, England)》2016,24(9):1256-1266
Current investigative interviewing guidelines [e.g., Technical Working Group: Eyewitness evidence. (1999). Eyewitness evidence: A guide for law enforcement. U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Justice Programs, National Institute of Justice. Retrieved from https://www.ncjrs.gov/pdffiles1/nij/178240.pdf] suggest that interviewers review available case information prior to conducting a witness interview. The present study investigated the effect of interviewers’ pre-interview awareness of crime details on eyewitnesses’ memory and interviewer behaviour shortly after a mock crime or a week later. Results indicate that blind interviewers with no knowledge about the crime elicited more correct information than those who were correctly informed about the crime. Differences in interviewer behaviour emerged only in the very first question of the interview: Blind interviewers were more likely to begin the interview with a non-suggestive question than the informed interviewers. Blind interviewers also recalled more details than the informed interviewers when asked to generate a report after the witness interview documenting the witness’ account. 相似文献
224.
Debra Lochner Doyle Rawan I. Awwad Jehannine C. Austin Bonnie J. Baty Amanda L. Bergner Stephanie J. Brewster Lori A. H. Erby Cathi Rubin Franklin Anne E. Greb Robin E. Grubs Gillian W. Hooker Sarah Jane Noblin Kelly E. Ormond Christina G. Palmer Elizabeth M. Petty Claire N. Singletary Matthew J. Thomas Helga Toriello Carol S. Walton Wendy R. Uhlmann 《Journal of genetic counseling》2016,25(5):868-879
225.
Randi A. Doyle Daniel Voyer Maryani Lesmana 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2016,69(8):1530-1544
Two experiments were conducted to examine the role of item type in mental rotation. In each experiment, participants completed two computerized mental rotation tasks, one with blocks as stimuli and one with human figures as stimuli. The tasks were formatted either as a multiple-choice psychometric test (Experiment 1) or as a same–different type task (Experiment 2). Aside from the expected replication of a decreased effect of occlusion on women's accuracy when processing human figures compared to block figures, it was hypothesized that response times would increase when processing the complex but familiar human figures, compared to the simple but unfamiliar block figures. In Experiment 1, the results relevant to occlusion were replicated. However, the presence of a speed–accuracy trade-off suggested that participants processed human figures faster but less accurately than block figures. In Experiment 2, both men and women performed faster and more accurately when processing occluded human figures than when processing nonoccluded human figures. The effect of item type, its potential link to embodied cognition, and the role of strategy selection on gender differences in mental rotation are discussed. 相似文献
226.
A general-purpose laboratory computer system using two Digital Equipment Corporation LSI-11 s in a master-slave relationship is described. The implementation includes hardware to install an LSI-11 as a slave parallel processor, to provide special-purpose functions such as a real-time clock and a 4K FIFO interprocessor buffer, and to establish a bus that permits the use of inexpensive interfaces to experimental equipment. The slave processor generates a complete log of each input or output event. Data in the form of the time of each event are continuously passed through the FIFO to a foreground task in the main LSI-11, which in turn stores the raw data on a hard disk. A macro library allows the easy development of experimentcontrol programs. A library of FORTRAN routines provides a pointer-based conditional and iterative search facility that can sift out any specifiable event or set of events from the data records for subsequent analysis. This computer system provides the user with an inexpensive facility to run up to 32 simultaneous experiments with complete data logging in foreground while program development, analysis, and word processing are concurrently being done in background. 相似文献
227.
J. H. Doyle 《Memory & cognition》1990,18(4):428-429
Recently published research has suggested that, in a pattern masking task, semantic activation caused by the target may continue to exist even though subjects cannot detect the target. The experiments are reassessed as an exceptional case of the more general rule that subjects are able to use residual semantic activation to actually detect targets. Furthermore, residual graphic information is far less effective at supporting near-chance target detections. 相似文献
228.
Lisa A. Serbin Phyllis Zelkowitz Anna-Beth Doyle Dolores Gold Blair Wheaton 《Sex roles》1990,23(11-12):613-628
Using a multifactorial model, sex differences in academic performance were examined in a sample of 347 elementary school children. As expected, girls' academic performance averaged higher than boys'. Path analysis confirmed initial hypotheses that girls' advantage is partially due to their characteristic of greater responsiveness to social cues and compliance with adult direction. This advantage was partially offset in this model by boys' greater visual-spatial skill, which also was a predictor of academic success. Access to stereotypic masculine toys and activities at home was, for both sexes, a predictor of children's visual-spatial ability. As expected, socioeconomic variables, including mothers' occupation and fathers' level of education, also influenced the environmental, social, and cognitive factors predicting academic success. These results indicate that boys' and girls' differential development of specific cognitive and social skills may play an important role in establishing sex differences in academic performance. 相似文献
229.
Jennifer M. Boldero Garry L. Robins Benedict J. Williams Jillian J. Francis Anne Hampton Annabelle J. Fourie 《Asian Journal of Social Psychology》2009,12(4):259-273
Relational discrepancy theory proposes that discrepancies in the extents to which relational partners meet relational standards are associated with emotions and that perceiving relationships in specified ways moderates associations. In a range of relationships, ideal relational discrepancies were associated with dejection and ought relational discrepancies with agitation (Study 1), associations moderated by relationship type. Discrepancy valence also moderated ideal discrepancy associations. Similar associations were found in friendships, moderated by relationship type (Study 2). Finally, relationship type and valence moderated associations in relationships with supervisors but not with colleagues (Study 3). These results support relational discrepancy theory propositions. 相似文献
230.
This study assesses the psychometric properties of the Condom Barriers Scale (CBS), an instrument originally designed to measure women's perceptions and attitudes regarding male condom use, with a sample of men at high risk for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Participants include 590 male patients in drug abuse treatment involved in a gender-specific HIV prevention intervention for teaching safer sex skills. Second-order confirmatory factor analysis generally supported the underlying four-factor subscale structure of the CBS. However, exploratory factor analysis revealed a few specific discrepancies in the factor structure between men and women. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability estimates were moderate to high in value. CBS scores correlated with use of condoms for men with high-risk sexual partners, supporting criterion-related validity. Overall, the analysis indicates that the CBS is a potentially valid and reliable instrument and has utility for assessing barriers to condom use with men, but may need some item content modifications to allow appropriate assessment of gender differences and comparisons across studies. 相似文献