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551.
Educating undergraduates about current genetic testing and genomics can involve novel and creative teaching practices. The
higher education literature describes numerous pedagogical approaches in the laboratory designed to engage science and liberal
arts students. Often these experiences involve students analyzing their own genes for various polymorphisms, some of which
are associated with disease states such as an increased risk for developing cancer. While the literature acknowledges possible
ethical ramifications of such laboratory exercises, authors do not present recommendations or rubrics for evaluating whether
or not the testing is, in fact, ethical. In response, we developed a laboratory investigation and discussion which allowed
undergraduate science students to explore current DNA manipulation techniques to isolate their p53 gene, followed by a dialogue
probing the ethical implications of examining their sample for various polymorphisms. Students never conducted genotyping
on their samples because of ethical concerns, so the discussion served to replace actual genetic testing in the class. A basic
scientist led the laboratory portion of the assignment. A genetic counselor facilitated the discussion, which centered around
existing ethical guidelines for clinical genetic testing and possible challenges of human genotyping outside the medical setting.
In their final papers, students demonstrated an understanding of the practice guidelines established by the genetics community
and acknowledged the ethical considerations inherent in p53 genotyping. Given the burgeoning market for personalized medicine,
teaching undergraduates about the psychosocial and ethical dimensions of human gene testing seems important and timely, and
introduces an additional role genetic counselors can play in educating consumers about genomics. 相似文献
552.
Mattarella-Micke A Mateo J Kozak MN Foster K Beilock SL 《Emotion (Washington, D.C.)》2011,11(4):1000-1005
In the current study, we explored how a person's physiological arousal relates to their performance in a challenging math situation as a function of individual differences in working memory (WM) capacity and math-anxiety. Participants completed demanding math problems before and after which salivary cortisol, an index of arousal, was measured. The performance of lower WM individuals did not depend on cortisol concentration or math-anxiety. For higher WM individuals high in math-anxiety, the higher their concentration of salivary cortisol following the math task, the worse their performance. In contrast, for higher WM individuals lower in math-anxiety, the higher their salivary cortisol concentrations, the better their performance. For individuals who have the capacity to perform at a high-level (higher WMs), whether physiological arousal will lead an individual to choke or thrive depends on math-anxiety. 相似文献
553.
Rooker GW Iwata BA Harper JM Fahmie TA Camp EM 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2011,44(4):737-745
Functional analysis (FA) methodology is the most precise method for identifying variables that maintain problem behavior. Occasionally, however, results of an FA may be influenced by idiosyncratic sensitivity to aspects of the assessment conditions. For example, data from several studies suggest that inclusion of a tangible condition during an FA may be prone to a false-positive outcome, although the extent to which tangible reinforcement routinely produces such outcomes is unknown. We examined susceptibility to tangible reinforcement by determining whether a new response was acquired more readily when exposed to a tangible contingency relative to others commonly used in an FA (Study 1), and whether problem behavior known not to have a social function nevertheless emerged when exposed to tangible reinforcement (Study 2). Results indicated that inclusion of items in the tangible condition should be done with care and that selection should be based on those items typically found in the individual's environment. 相似文献
554.
Use of Gilliam Asperger's disorder scale in differentiating high and low functioning autism and ADHD
Mayes SD Calhoun SL Murray MJ Morrow JD Yurich KK Cothren S Purichia H Bouder JN 《Psychological reports》2011,108(1):3-13
Little is known about the validity of Gilliam Asperger's Disorder Scale (GADS), although it is widely used. This study of 199 children with high functioning autism or Asperger's disorder, 195 with low functioning autism, and 83 with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) showed high classification accuracy (autism vs. ADHD) for clinicians' GADS Quotients (92%), and somewhat lower accuracy (77%) for parents' Quotients. Both children with high and low functioning autism had clinicians' Quotients (M=99 and 101, respectively) similar to the Asperger's Disorder mean of 100 for the GADS normative sample. Children with high functioning autism scored significantly higher on the cognitive patterns subscale than children with low functioning autism, and the latter had higher scores on the remaining subscales: social interaction, restricted patterns of behavior, and pragmatic skills. Using the clinicians' Quotient and Cognitive Patterns score, 70% of children were correctly identified as having high or low functioning autism or ADHD. 相似文献
555.
Tillman JG Clemence AJ Stevens JL 《Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association》2011,59(5):1023-1040
Calls for more rigorous psychoanalytic studies have increased over the past decade. The field has been divided by those who assert that psychoanalysis is properly a hermeneutic endeavor and those who see it as a science. A comparable debate is found in research methodology, where qualitative and quantitative methods have often been seen as occupying orthogonal positions. Recently, Mixed Methods Research (MMR) has emerged as a viable "third community" of research, pursuing a pragmatic approach to research endeavors through integrating qualitative and quantitative procedures in a single study design. Mixed Methods Research designs and the terminology associated with this emerging approach are explained, after which the methodology is explored as a potential integrative approach to a psychoanalytic human science. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods are reviewed, as well as how they may be used in Mixed Methods Research to study complex human phenomena. 相似文献
556.
Croswell J Debbeler LM Turpening J Zureick P 《The journal of pastoral care & counseling : JPCC》2011,65(3-4):1-12
This paper examines whether seminarians are interested in referring parishioners to pastoral counselors or prefer handling commingled psychological and spiritual problems through counseling parishioners themselves. Research results revealed openness toward referral and also a strong interest in counseling persons themselves. Forms of collaboration other than referral were also examined, and seminarians indicated openness to using consultation, training, and personal therapeutic support. Implications for church-psychology collaboration, generally, are discussed. Areas for further research are recommended. 相似文献
557.
Poehlmann J Schwichtenberg AJ Bolt DM Hane A Burnson C Winters J 《Developmental psychology》2011,47(1):91-105
This longitudinal study examined predictors of rates of growth in dyadic interaction quality in children born preterm who did not experience significant neurological findings during neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) hospitalization. Multiple methods were used to collect data from 120 preterm infants (48% girls, 52% boys) and their mothers. Infant heart rate variability (HRV), gestational age, neonatal health, feeding route, and maternal socioeconomic (SES) risks were assessed at NICU discharge (mean of 36 weeks postconception). Mother-child interactions were observed at 4, 9, 16, and 24 months postterm and analyzed with hierarchical linear modeling. On average, children's quality of play, interest, and attention increased over time while their dysregulation and irritability decreased, whereas average maternal positive affect and involvement declined in quality (ps < .05), although there was individual variation in rates of change. Mothers of infants with higher postfeeding HRV (i.e., vagal regulation) exhibited less decrease in positive affect and involvement between 4 months and 24 months, compared with mothers of infants with lower HRV (p < .05). Although infants with higher postfeeding HRV showed less positive affect and communication at 4 months, they exhibited significantly greater increases in positive affect and social competence and decreases in dysregulation and irritability between 4 months and 24 months, compared with infants with lower HRV (ps < .05). Dyads experiencing more SES risks showed less optimal interactions at 4 months; this difference remained as children grew older (ps < .05). Results have implications for our understanding of social development in preterm infants. 相似文献
558.
Jill D. Flansburg 《Journal of Employment Counseling》2011,48(3):114-120
Vocational evaluation (VE) is a comprehensive assessment process that can be used to inform assessment of people with barriers to employment other than the physical or mental disabilities for which it is typically used. This article defines components of VE as established by an international health and human services accreditation organization. The author's experience as a vocational evaluator and rehabilitation program supervisor serves as a reference. Implications for expanding its use and future research are discussed. 相似文献
559.
560.
Seth A. Rosenthal R. Matthew Montoya Leigh E. Ridings Stacey M. Rieck Jill M. Hooley 《Journal of research in personality》2011,45(5):408-416
Miller, Maples, and Campbell (this issue) present evidence that Rosenthal and Hooley’s (2010) concerns regarding the Narcissistic Personality Inventory’s (NPI) relation to psychological health may be unwarranted. To resolve this issue empirically, we conducted a meta-analysis (k = 54, N = 38,932). Meta-analytic results revealed that a subset of NPI items were indeed problematic; items that function poorly at differentiating narcissists from non-narcissists accounted entirely for the NPI’s connection to psychological health. These items were also strongly associated with self-esteem, but unrelated to aggression/anger. In contrast, the remaining NPI items were unrelated to psychological health, but associated with aggression/anger. We conclude that although the NPI measures narcissism, its poorest functioning items also link it to outcomes unrelated to narcissism. 相似文献