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601.
How School can Teach Civic Engagement Besides Civic Education: The Role of Democratic School Climate
Michela Lenzi Alessio Vieno Jill Sharkey Ashley Mayworm Luca Scacchi Massimiliano Pastore Massimo Santinello 《American journal of community psychology》2014,54(3-4):251-261
Civic engagement, defined as involvement in community life, is influenced by reciprocal relationships between individuals and contexts and is a key factor that contributes to positive youth development. The present study evaluates a theoretical model linking perceived democratic school climate with adolescent civic engagement (operationalized as civic responsibility and intentions for future participation), taking into account the mediating role of civic discussions and perceived fairness at school. Participants were 403 adolescents (47.9 % male) ranging in age from 11 to 15 years old (mean age = 13.6). Path analysis results partially validated the proposed theoretical model. Higher levels of democratic school climate were associated with higher levels of adolescent civic responsibility; the association was fully mediated by civic discussions and perceived fairness at school. Adolescents’ civic responsibility, then, was positively associated with a stronger intention to participate in the civic domain in the future. 相似文献
602.
603.
Mattarella-Micke A Mateo J Kozak MN Foster K Beilock SL 《Emotion (Washington, D.C.)》2011,11(4):1000-1005
In the current study, we explored how a person's physiological arousal relates to their performance in a challenging math situation as a function of individual differences in working memory (WM) capacity and math-anxiety. Participants completed demanding math problems before and after which salivary cortisol, an index of arousal, was measured. The performance of lower WM individuals did not depend on cortisol concentration or math-anxiety. For higher WM individuals high in math-anxiety, the higher their concentration of salivary cortisol following the math task, the worse their performance. In contrast, for higher WM individuals lower in math-anxiety, the higher their salivary cortisol concentrations, the better their performance. For individuals who have the capacity to perform at a high-level (higher WMs), whether physiological arousal will lead an individual to choke or thrive depends on math-anxiety. 相似文献
604.
Croswell J Debbeler LM Turpening J Zureick P 《The journal of pastoral care & counseling : JPCC》2011,65(3-4):1-12
This paper examines whether seminarians are interested in referring parishioners to pastoral counselors or prefer handling commingled psychological and spiritual problems through counseling parishioners themselves. Research results revealed openness toward referral and also a strong interest in counseling persons themselves. Forms of collaboration other than referral were also examined, and seminarians indicated openness to using consultation, training, and personal therapeutic support. Implications for church-psychology collaboration, generally, are discussed. Areas for further research are recommended. 相似文献
605.
Educating undergraduates about current genetic testing and genomics can involve novel and creative teaching practices. The
higher education literature describes numerous pedagogical approaches in the laboratory designed to engage science and liberal
arts students. Often these experiences involve students analyzing their own genes for various polymorphisms, some of which
are associated with disease states such as an increased risk for developing cancer. While the literature acknowledges possible
ethical ramifications of such laboratory exercises, authors do not present recommendations or rubrics for evaluating whether
or not the testing is, in fact, ethical. In response, we developed a laboratory investigation and discussion which allowed
undergraduate science students to explore current DNA manipulation techniques to isolate their p53 gene, followed by a dialogue
probing the ethical implications of examining their sample for various polymorphisms. Students never conducted genotyping
on their samples because of ethical concerns, so the discussion served to replace actual genetic testing in the class. A basic
scientist led the laboratory portion of the assignment. A genetic counselor facilitated the discussion, which centered around
existing ethical guidelines for clinical genetic testing and possible challenges of human genotyping outside the medical setting.
In their final papers, students demonstrated an understanding of the practice guidelines established by the genetics community
and acknowledged the ethical considerations inherent in p53 genotyping. Given the burgeoning market for personalized medicine,
teaching undergraduates about the psychosocial and ethical dimensions of human gene testing seems important and timely, and
introduces an additional role genetic counselors can play in educating consumers about genomics. 相似文献
606.
Peña JB Kuhlberg JA Zayas LH Baumann AA Gulbas L Hausmann-Stabile C Nolle AP 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2011,41(3):330-341
In this study, we examined the relationship between familism and family environment type as well as the relationship between family environment type and suicide attempts among Latina youth. Latina teen attempters (n = 109) and nonattempters (n = 107) were recruited from the New York City area. Latent class analysis revealed three family environment types: tight-knit, intermediate-knit, and loose-knit. Tight-knit families (high cohesion and low conflict) were significantly less likely to have teens who attempted suicide as compared with intermediate-knit families or loose-knit families. Moreover, familism increased the odds of being in a tight-knit family versus a loose-knit family and the odds of being in a tight-knit family versus a intermediate-knit. The results suggest that familism may protect against suicide behavior among Latinas via its influence on family environment. 相似文献
607.
Tillman JG Clemence AJ Stevens JL 《Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association》2011,59(5):1023-1040
Calls for more rigorous psychoanalytic studies have increased over the past decade. The field has been divided by those who assert that psychoanalysis is properly a hermeneutic endeavor and those who see it as a science. A comparable debate is found in research methodology, where qualitative and quantitative methods have often been seen as occupying orthogonal positions. Recently, Mixed Methods Research (MMR) has emerged as a viable "third community" of research, pursuing a pragmatic approach to research endeavors through integrating qualitative and quantitative procedures in a single study design. Mixed Methods Research designs and the terminology associated with this emerging approach are explained, after which the methodology is explored as a potential integrative approach to a psychoanalytic human science. Both qualitative and quantitative research methods are reviewed, as well as how they may be used in Mixed Methods Research to study complex human phenomena. 相似文献
608.
Use of Gilliam Asperger's disorder scale in differentiating high and low functioning autism and ADHD
Mayes SD Calhoun SL Murray MJ Morrow JD Yurich KK Cothren S Purichia H Bouder JN 《Psychological reports》2011,108(1):3-13
Little is known about the validity of Gilliam Asperger's Disorder Scale (GADS), although it is widely used. This study of 199 children with high functioning autism or Asperger's disorder, 195 with low functioning autism, and 83 with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) showed high classification accuracy (autism vs. ADHD) for clinicians' GADS Quotients (92%), and somewhat lower accuracy (77%) for parents' Quotients. Both children with high and low functioning autism had clinicians' Quotients (M=99 and 101, respectively) similar to the Asperger's Disorder mean of 100 for the GADS normative sample. Children with high functioning autism scored significantly higher on the cognitive patterns subscale than children with low functioning autism, and the latter had higher scores on the remaining subscales: social interaction, restricted patterns of behavior, and pragmatic skills. Using the clinicians' Quotient and Cognitive Patterns score, 70% of children were correctly identified as having high or low functioning autism or ADHD. 相似文献
609.
Seth A. Rosenthal R. Matthew Montoya Leigh E. Ridings Stacey M. Rieck Jill M. Hooley 《Journal of research in personality》2011,45(5):408-416
Miller, Maples, and Campbell (this issue) present evidence that Rosenthal and Hooley’s (2010) concerns regarding the Narcissistic Personality Inventory’s (NPI) relation to psychological health may be unwarranted. To resolve this issue empirically, we conducted a meta-analysis (k = 54, N = 38,932). Meta-analytic results revealed that a subset of NPI items were indeed problematic; items that function poorly at differentiating narcissists from non-narcissists accounted entirely for the NPI’s connection to psychological health. These items were also strongly associated with self-esteem, but unrelated to aggression/anger. In contrast, the remaining NPI items were unrelated to psychological health, but associated with aggression/anger. We conclude that although the NPI measures narcissism, its poorest functioning items also link it to outcomes unrelated to narcissism. 相似文献
610.