中国道教协会八届五次会长会议在京召开

3月12日晚,中国道教协会八届五次会长会议在北京白云观召开。国家宗教事务局副局长蒋坚永亲临会议指导并作重要讲话。中国道教协会会长任法融,副会长张继禹、黄信阳、黄至安、丁常云、唐诚青、赖保荣、刘怀元、林舟、张金涛、张凤林、孟崇然、黄至杰、李诚道,秘     

Should We Treat Depression with drugs or psychological interventions? A Reply to Ioannidis

We reply to the Ioannidis's paper "Effectiveness of antidepressants; an evidence based myth constructed from a thousand controlled trials." We disagree that antidepressants have no greater efficacy than placebo. We present the efficacy from hundreds of trials in terms of the percentage of patients with a substantial clinical response (a 50% improvement or more symptomatic reduction). This meta-analysis finds that 42-70% of depressed patients improve with drug and 21%-39% improve with placebo. The response benefit of antidepressant treatment is 33%-11% greater than placebo. Ioannidis argues that it would be vanishingly smaller because systematic biasing in these clinical trials would reduce the drug-placebo difference to zero. Ioannidis' argument that antidepressants have no benefit is eroded by his failures of logic because he does not present any evidence that there are a large number of studies where placebo is substantially more effective than drug. (To reduce to zero, one would also have to show that some of the unpublished studies find placebo better than drug and have substantial systematic or methodological bias). We also present the empirical evidence showing that these methodological concerns generally have the opposite effect of what Ioannidis argues, supporting our contention that the measured efficacy of antidepressants likely underestimates true efficacy. Our most important criticism is Ioannidis’ basic underlying argument about antidepressants that if the existing evidence is imperfect and methods can be criticized, then this proves that antidepressant are not efficacious. He presents no credible evidence that antidepressants have zero effect size. Valid arguments can point out difficulties with the data but do not prove that a given drug had no efficacy. Indeed better evidence might prove it was more efficacious that originally found. We find no empirical or ethical reason why psychiatrists should not try to help depressed patients with drugs and/or with psychotherapeutic/behavioral treatments given evidence of efficacy even though our treatment knowledge has limitations. The immense suffering of patients with major depression leads to ethical, moral, professional and legal obligations to treat patients with the best available tools at our disposal, while diligently and actively monitoring for adverse effects and actively revising treatment components as necessary.     

现代性弊端及其超越:毛泽东的“革命”方案

毛泽东的"革命",既是一场驱动着古老中国由传统走向现代的卓绝的努力,同时又强烈地体现出对于"现代性"弊端进行反拨的价值维度:针对现代性过程极易产生的官僚主义政治体制的弊端,他试图通过一场全方位的文化大革命实现权力重组,以巩固其人民民主的政治体制;针对现代性过程中所带来的片面的发展主义的经济模式,他试图通过"抓革命、促生产"来寻找一个"发展"和"公正"的结合点;针对现代性过程中出现的文化精英主义倾向,他试图通过对知识分子再教育来破解精英与大众的对立这一历史性难题。在带领中国走向现代化的过程中致力于超越西方现代性的弊端,进而创造出一种新的社会现代化方案,成为毛泽东"革命"的一个重要主题。     

言语和非言语信号加工的早期分离——来自ERP研究的证据

利用128导事件相关电位技术,对19名正常被试在言语、峰鸣声和音乐刺激上产生的脑电早期外源性成分N1进行了考察。实验结果发现,在音素条件和蜂鸣声条件下,左侧额叶N1波幅显著高于右侧。偶极子溯源分析发现音素条件和蜂鸣声条件下的偶极子都位于左脑额叶,而音乐条件下的两个偶极子位于右脑额叶。证明范畴属性对信号加工大脑半球优势的影响在加工的早期就开始发挥作用。     

“Outside thinking” and “Horizontal logic”

Metaphysics is a repeated act by way of “representation”; the instantaneous judgment is solidified, the inevitable conclusion is made, and at the same time other possibilities are excluded. “Outside thinking” is a blow to the spiritual tradition of metaphysics, which holds that “representation” will lead to a differential activity concerning the relationship between stranger things. Such relationship follows a kind of “horizontal logic,” the latter discards the presupposition on the “origin” of things, that is, it no longer presumes that this point or that point has greater privilege than “other points.” Things do not develop from a central point. Rather, things are the result of innumerable “points” in cooperative relationships between strangers. These cooperative relationships are arbitrary. In “horizontal logic,” many “starting points” or “spiritual T-points” are used as substitutes for a unique “origin.”     

基督教“道德金律”与康德的道德律令

康德为道德寻求客观依据而确立的"道德律令"继承了基督教传统"道德金律"的普世性、律法及上帝观念,同时又从实践理性角度赋予了这种基督教传统文化思想以新的时代意义。这种新的解释具有现代科学理性及人文性特征,从而对后之学者在道德问题上的探寻有着深远的影响。     

由三个宽恕模型看宽恕研究新进展

西方学者已普遍接受宽恕的本质即为亲社会性动机转变过程。从这一取向出发, 介绍Worthington提出的宽恕压力应对模型、Koutsos等人提出的人际间相关变量模型以及Hall和Fincham提出的自我宽恕模型这三个模型。三个模型从三个不同角度对宽恕的动机转变观点提供支持, 通过论述三个模型之间的关系, 对宽恕的动机转变观点进行更加深入的阐述。同时在宽恕模型论述中总结分析近年来宽恕的认知加工、人际相关变量的作用以及自我宽恕方面的研究进展等。最后对宽恕在西方以及我国的研究进行回顾, 指出中西方宽恕研究发展中存在的研究不全面、缺乏理论支持等问题。     

追踪研究方法在国内心理研究中的应用述评

以1982~2012年中国期刊网收录的88例追踪研究为对象,从应用现状、设计特征、数据处理三方面分析和评估追踪研究方法在国内心理研究的应用情况及存在的问题。结果显示,2005年之前追踪研究方法应用增长缓慢,2005年开始呈显著增长趋势,研究对象以未成年及成年早期群体为主。主要采用固定样本追踪设计,大部分研究测量2-3次、样本量在10~300之间、持续时间在3年内。61例有缺失的研究中,38例用删除法处理缺失;主要运用 HLM、方差分析、t检验和SEM分析追踪数据。相当部分研究存在测量次数少、样本量较小、持续时间短、被试缺失严重及数据处理方法相对陈旧问题。追踪研究方法的应用应注意,根据理论模型和研究有效性要求确定设计类型和设计特征,根据数据特征选择缺失处理方法和追踪数据分析方法。     

基于不对称区间估计的有调节的中介模型检验

有调节的中介模型是中介过程受到调节变量影响的模型。评介了基于Bootstrap不对称置信区间和贝叶斯不对称可靠区间进行有调节的中介模型检验的3种方法, 包括亚组分析法、差异分析法和系数乘积法。模拟研究发现, 偏差校正的百分位Bootstrap置信区间和无先验信息的贝叶斯可靠区间在有调节的中介模型检验中表现相当, 都优于百分位Bootstrap置信区间的表现。建议使用系数乘积法进行第一阶段或第二阶段被调节的中介模型检验, 使用差异分析法进行两阶段被调节的中介模型检验, 并用一个实际例子演示如何用不对称区间估计检验有调节的中介模型。随后评述了3种有调节的中介模型检验方法在国内心理学的应用现状, 并展望了检验的拓展方向。     

双因子模型：多维构念测量的新视角

双因子模型是一种既有全局因子又有局部因子的模型,近年来有了许多应用。本文讨论了双因子模型和高阶因子模型在数学模型、参数之间的关系,概念上和应用上的差异;概述了双因子模型在信度研究、平衡量表、探索性因子分析和项目反应理论中的应用。作为例子,在Rosenberg自尊量表结构的研究中,通过双因子模型分析了自尊特质效应与项目表述方法效应。