睡眠剥夺影响风险决策的双系统模型探讨

睡眠剥夺是指由于环境或自身原因无法满足正常睡眠时间的情况。大量实证研究发现, 睡眠剥夺会导致个体在风险决策中更倾向于风险寻求, 同时也有研究表明睡眠剥夺会导致个体风险规避, 而目前尚无统一结论。睡眠剥夺从风险感知、风险容忍、风险决策策略三个方面影响了风险决策, 其心理机制可由认知和情绪双路径模型进行解释, 且脑神经生理学研究也提供了相关证据。未来的研究应该进一步关注：(1)现实工作生活中的睡眠不足对风险决策的影响; (2)睡眠剥夺影响风险决策的理论模型建构。     

汉语句子阅读理解中的语境效应

采用计算机快速系列视觉呈现技术,以反应时为指标,利用命名法,考察了汉语句子阅读中的语境效应。该研究表明：语境的作用机制是灵活的,它会随语境条件的变化而变化。在启动词与目标词语义联结弱的情况下,如果语境对目标词是一种低干扰,那么各模块之间彼此独立,一个模块不受另一个模块的影响;如果句法关系改变后的语境对目标词形成高干扰,各模块相互作用,不同语境对词汇通达有不同的作用。当启动词与目标词间有较强的语义联结时,语境效应主要来源于词与词之间的联结启动,这时的语境作用机制符合模块化理论;而当启动词与目标词间有较弱的语义联结时,随语境干扰强度的增加,目标词的词汇通达也随之增加,这时的语境作用机制则符合相互作用理论。     

方法影响结果?方法变异的本质、影响及控制

方法变异是由研究方法导致的系统误差.方法变异既可能产生结构层面的影响,也可能产生题目层面的影响;既可能影响单个结构的测量,也可能影响用相同方法研究的多个结构之间的关系,还可能影响用相同方法研究的多个研究之间的关系,进而影响到相关领域的理论建构.在控制方法变异时,可采取过程控制法和统计控制法,最好先用过程控制法.     

Stress-enhanced grain growth in a nanostructured aluminium alloy during spark plasma sintering

In this study, we report on the influence of high pressure on the microstructure evolution of cryomilled nanostructured Al alloy powders during spark plasma sintering (SPS). Our experimental results suggest that the particular mechanism that governs grain growth during SPS depends on the magnitude of the applied pressure. In the case of material consolidated at a high pressure (e.g. 500 MPa), grain coarsening occurs via a combination of thermally activated grain boundary (GB) migration, stress-coupled GB migration and grain rotation-induced grain coalescence. In contrast, in the case of the material consolidated at a low pressure (50 MPa), grain growth occurs primarily via thermally activated GB migration.     

青少年学生自我价值感特点的初步研究

采用《青少年学生自我价值感量表》对初中一年级到大学四年级共２１８７名青少年学生进行问卷调查,结果发现：（１）不同年级的学生在总体自我价值感、社会取向和个人取得的自我价值感方面差异极显著。（２）男生个人取向的自我价值感显著高于女生,女生社会取向的自我价值感则显著高于男生;男生个人取向的道德价值感高于女生,女生的社会取向的道德价值感则高于男生。（３）重点中学的学生在总体自我价值感、社会取向和个人取向的自我价值感、个人取向的家庭价值感以及社会取向的心理价值感、家庭价值感方面均显著高于非重点中学的学生。     

"分离机制"与假装的意义——M.Leslie假装的元表征理论述评

文章从假装的判定标准,一些重要概念如元表征、分离机制、元表征的形式等方面介绍和评价了Leslie假装的元表征理论,并通过一个行为定向模型加以明确描述。文章表明,Leslie对以皮亚杰为代表的传统假装理论提出了挑战。     

Test of a mediation model of perceived organizational support

This study examined the mediating influence of trust in organization (TIO) and organization-based self-esteem (OBSE) on the relationship between perceived organization support (POS) and its work outcomes. Data were obtained from employee-supervisor dyads from multiple organizations located in a major city in southern China. Structural equation modeling results revealed that: (a) POS related to TIO and OBSE and (b) TIO and OBSE fully mediated the relationship between POS and the work outcomes of organizational commitment and in-role performance, but partially mediated the POS-organizational citizenship behavior relationship.     

Cognitive vulnerability to depressive symptoms in adolescents in urban and rural Hunan, China: a multiwave longitudinal study

The current multiwave longitudinal study examined the applicability of two cognitive vulnerability-stress models of depression-Beck's (1967, 1983) cognitive theory and the hopelessness theory (Abramson, Metalsky, & Alloy, 1989)-in two independent samples of adolescents from Hunan Province, China (one rural and one urban). During an initial assessment, participants completed measures assessing dysfunctional attitudes (Beck, 1967, 1983), negative cognitive style (Abramson et al., 1989), neuroticism (Costa & McCrae, 1992), depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms. Once a month for the subsequent 6 months, participants completed measures assessing the occurrence of different types of negative events, depressive symptoms, and anxiety symptoms. Results provided support for cognitive vulnerability factors as predictors of increases in depressive symptoms following the occurrence of higher than average levels of negative events in Chinese adolescents. The results also supported the specificity of these two cognitive vulnerability factors as predictors of depressive versus anxiety symptoms following the occurrence of higher than average levels of negative events (i.e., symptom specificity), and the ability of cognitive vulnerability factors to predict prospective change in depressive symptoms above and beyond the effects of trait neuroticism (i.e., etiological specificity).     

结构方程在心理学研究中的应用

近年来,在教育、社会及心理学等研究领域,结构方程模型(SEM,Structural Equation Modeling)已成为重要的多变量分析方法,并日益受到广大研究者的重视。本文旨在对SEM作简要概述,并讨论其在心理学研究中的应用,以及在应用过程中应该遵循的标准和需要注意的一些问题。     

不同年级学生汉语阅读知觉广度的眼动研究

采用"呈现随眼动变化技术"对五年级、初二年级和高二年级学生汉语阅读的知觉广度进行发展研究.结果发现汉语阅读的知觉广度随阅读者年龄的提高而逐渐扩大;知觉广度具有不对称性,广度的右侧范围稍大于左侧范围,这种不对称性不随阅读者年龄的发展而变化;汉语阅读者的知觉广度稍大于他们的跟跳距离.