首词和尾词频率对高熟悉度成语识别的影响

采用词汇判定法,考察首词频率和尾词频率对高熟悉度四字成语识别的影响。实验结果表明:(1)对高熟悉度成语的识别规律与多层聚类表征模型的观点比较吻合;(2)构成成语的成份词对成语表征有竞争和干扰作用,高频率成份词相对于低频率成份词,对成语表征的竞争和干扰作用较大。     

检验导出的等值新方法及其表现探讨

该文受Berkson将检验方法用于估计未知参数的启发,根据三个拟合优度统计量导出三种新的求取等值系数的方法,即:平方根等值方法(Square Root criterion,SQRTcrit)、对称相对熵等值方法(Symmetric Relative Entropy criterion,SREcrit)、加权等值方法(Weighted criterion,Wcrit),即Haebara准则的加权式。虽然在被检验的两个分布列很接近时,这三个多项拟合优度检验方法是渐近等价的,然而用它们求取等值系数时,Monte-Carlo模拟结果表明这三种新等值方法的行为表现存在差异。它们之间的差异和随机误差的大小有密切关系,即与项目参数估计的精度有关;还与等值系数A的范围有关。     

新中国成立初期针灸推广实施路径与历史经验研究——以中央人民政府卫生部针灸疗法实验所为中心

新中国成立初期,在统一战线和发挥中医作用的要求下,针灸推广作为一项卫生工作被提上日程。中央人民政府卫生部针灸疗法实验所率先开展这项工作,开创了“理论学习+临床实习”的短期人才培训模式,在国内部分地区有计划、有组织地训练了一批针灸师资力量,并尝试通过实验研究为针灸推广提供科学理论支持。针灸疗法实验所推广针灸的工作为今后针灸推广在全国范围内进一步开展提供了可靠的人才培养模式,积累了宝贵经验,也是过渡时期中医力量参与新中国卫生事业建设的典型例证。

     

项目特征曲线等值的抽样误差

现在,等值越来越受到各考试测验机构及测量学研究人员的重视,特别是项目反应理论等值的优越性更使他们有了信心。然而,很多人却没有注意到被试能力分布形态可能给等值结果带来的影响效果及程度。本研究以项目反应理论两级记分模型的项目参数等值在不同被试能力分布形态下的结果差异作为重点,探讨被试抽样偏差可能给项目特征曲线等值带来的误差问题。研究结果表明,被试能力分布形态会显著地影响项目参数等值的系数,特别地,能力分布的偏态系数与等值方程的截距存在显著的线性相关关系,但能力分布形态的变化对等值方程中斜率的影响并不明显     

Testing the semantic differential as a model of task processes with the implicit association test

In this study, we examined the hypothesis that semantic judgment tasks share overlapping processes if they require processing on common dimensions but not if they require processing on orthogonal dimensions in semantic space (Osgood, Suci, & Tannenbaum, 1957). We tested the hypothesis with the implicit association test (IATl Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwartz, 1998) in three experiments. Consistent with the hypothesis, IAT effects (costs in reaction time because of incompatible response mapping between associated judgment tasks) occurred consistently when judgment tasks tapped into common semantic dimensions, whereas no IAT effect appeared when judgment tasks entailed processing on orthogonal semantic dimensions.     

Interactions between interfacial dislocations and γ/γ′ interface during high temperature – low stress creep in nickel-based single crystal superalloy

ABSTRACT

The interaction between interfacial dislocations and γ/γ′ interface is critical to the high temperature creep properties of single crystal superalloys. However, only a few studies have paid attention to the detailed structure such as local interfacial morphologies and the elemental distribution around interfacial dislocations. In this paper, the interfacial protrusions and related dislocations in a single crystal superalloy after creep at high temperature – low stress have been investigated in detail. It is found that the morphology and size of the interfacial protrusions remain almost the same during the early and middle stages of high temperature creep, which indicates a local equilibrium at the interfacial protrusions. Steps at different height are formed at the γ/γ′ interface at the initial stage of high temperature creep since dislocations could move along the γ/γ′ interface, which indicates that dislocation motion at different creep stage may affect the morphology of γ/γ′ interface.     

同事个性化契约对员工工作退缩行为的影响:基于公平理论的视角

个性化契约作为组织中一种非标准化的工作安排,以往研究较多关注其对契约获得者的积极效应,相对忽视了对未获得者的消极影响。鉴于此,本研究基于公平理论,探讨了同事个性化契约对员工工作退缩行为的影响及其内部机理。结果发现:同事个性化契约会引发员工的工作退缩行为,员工的心理契约违背在此过程中起部分中介作用;此外,员工与组织间较高的社会交换关系会削弱同事个性化契约对员工心理契约违背的正向影响。     

Predictors of Stress Generation in Adolescents in Mainland China

The current longitudinal study examined whether the personality vulnerabilities of self-criticism and dependency prospectively predicted stress generation in Chinese adolescents. Participants included 1,116 adolescents (588 girls and 528 boys), aged 15 to 18 years from rural, urban and ultra-urban mainland China. Participants completed self-report measures of personality, depressive and anxious symptoms and participated in a clinical interview assessing lifetime history of depression. The occurrence of negative life events was measured using a contextual-threat interview every 6-months for a total period of 18-months. Logistic regression analyses showed that after controlling for past depressive episodes and current depressive and anxious symptoms, self-criticism was prospectively associated with the occurrence of interpersonal stress generation, but not noninterpersonal stress generation. Dependency also predicted interpersonal stress generation, although only in girls and not boys. In line with previous Western findings, girls reported more interpersonal stress generation. Analyses across 3 levels of urbanization revealed several significant differences including higher reported interpersonal stress generation in urban girls than urban boys and overall higher levels of negative life events in ultra-urban youth. In sum, findings from the current study suggest that the stress generation process may be generalizable to Chinese youth.     

一个带有事务管理的动态偏好逻辑

问题对偏好的变化会有影响。本文在偏好逻辑的背景下考虑事务管理并提出了一个新的带有事务管理的动态偏好逻辑。我们的逻辑表明它能把其他情况均同的偏好（ceteris paribus preference）与普通的偏好联系起来并将其动态化和显性化。并且,通过引入混合逻辑使得我们能在同一层次谈论命题和对象之间的偏好,除提问这个行动之外,我们还在逻辑系统的动态部分考虑了解决、建议和软公开宣告等行动。在对这四种行动的不同影响进行比较后,我们证明了这个动态系统的完全性。     

线索冲突情境下幼儿对不同领域知识的选择性信任特点

探讨幼儿在准确性线索和共识线索冲突情境下对自然与社会领域知识的选择性信任特点。实验1探究幼儿在线索冲突情境下对自然领域知识的选择性信任,选取88名4~6岁幼儿,采用对物品命名的方法,结果发现4岁幼儿依据共识线索进行信任判断,而5~6岁幼儿依据准确性线索进行信任判断;实验2探究幼儿在线索冲突情境下对社会领域知识的选择性信任,选取94名4-6岁幼儿,采用对人格特质命名的方法,结果发现4岁幼儿依据共识线索进行信任判断,5岁幼儿对两类线索没有做出偏向性选择,6岁幼儿依据准确性线索进行信任判断。实验3采用被试内设计,探讨5岁幼儿对两个领域知识的选择性信任,验证了实验1和实验2的相关结果。结论:在线索冲突情境下幼儿对不同领域知识的选择性信任具有不同的年龄发展特点。