佛教般若思想的心理治疗意蕴

般若为梵语“智慧”的音译,是大乘佛教的重要理论基础；它通过对形而上学思维方式的破解,引领众生了悟世间诸法实相,以此成就自在无碍的生命.文章将般若智慧引入现代心理治疗领域中,从其治疗的病理学依据、目标取向和基本方法等三方面探讨了该修心思想的心理治疗意蕴,指出当事人的心理困扰皆因无明妄执所致,因而藉由般若智慧对世事的如实观照,破除个体的妄想执著,使其回归当下的现实生活,承担起本有的责任,则为心理治疗的核心所在.     

The Predictors of Suicidality in Previous Suicide Attempters following Case Management Services

Suicide attempts constitute a serious clinical problem. People who have attempted suicide are at an elevated risk for additional suicide attempts, but there is limited evidence regarding the predictors of suicidality of suicide attempters following case management services. In the present study the indicators of suicidality after case management were examined. A total of 1,056 subjects who had recently attempted suicide were recruited from January 1, 2011, to June 30, 2011. The suicide prevention center of Kaohsiung City in Taiwan provided case management services and followed up on suicide attempt cases for 6 months. The salient factors for repeat suicide attempts were estimated using a logistic regression analysis. The results showed that multiple factors, including a “willingness to receive mental health services during a crisis,” “social support,” “a history of mental disorders,” and “a history of suicide,” could predict repeat suicide attempts with hazard ratios (0.58, 0.54, 3.84, 1.51) and 95% confidence interval (0.39–0.86, 0.36–0.83, 2.41–6.10, 1.03–2.21). The four factors mentioned above were the most accurate predictors of subsequent suicidality when case management services were utilized after 6 months of follow‐up. The findings of our study could help clarify future strategies for suicide prevention.     

中国文化背景下的“关系”研究述评

通过系统的文献回顾,本文对关系的内涵、类型、测量维度及作用进行了梳理,指出了关系研究的新视角.在明晰关系研究现状的基础上,初步探析其研究局限及研究趋势.     

从道教的伦理道德谈道教徒应具有的行为准则

今天之所以探讨当代道教玄裔应具有的行为准则这样的问题，因为它是我们为树立新时期的道教形象而奠定坚实基础的重要环节。长期以来，在我们的传统宗教儒、释、道三教中，道教曾一度以不敢为天下先而甘居其后，在长期的发展中，这似乎成了某种定势，以至于让我们感觉只需要顺其自然，而无需有所追求。但今天，世界发生了翻天覆地的变化，很多事情都在告诉我们，     

A randomized clinical trial of a manual-guided risk reduction intervention for HIV-positive injection drug users.

This study randomized 90 HIV-seropositive, methadone-maintained injection drug users (IDUs) to an HIV Harm Reduction Program (HHRP+) or to an active control that included harm reduction components recommended by the National AIDS Demonstration Research Project. The treatment phase lasted 6 months, with follow-ups at 6 and 9 months after treatment entry. Patients in both treatments showed reductions in risk behaviors. However, patients assigned to HHRP+ were less likely to use illicit opiates and were more likely to adhere to antiretroviral medications during treatment; at follow-up, they had lower addiction severity scores and were less likely to have engaged in high risk behavior. Findings suggest that enhancing methadone maintenance with an intervention targeting HIV-seropositive IDUs increases both harm reduction and health promotion behaviors.     

玄奘法师佛教“七宝”译法浅析

一、佛教七宝的译名佛教经典中常常提到七宝,而佛教七宝实际分为两大类:一类是七种王宝,一类是七种珍宝。七种王宝指转轮圣王拥有的七宝,通常是指轮宝、象宝、马宝、珠宝、玉女宝、主藏宝、典兵宝。七种珍宝指供养用的七宝,通常是指金、银、琥珀、珊瑚、砗磲、琉璃、玛瑙。佛家弟子常说的七宝是指供养用的七宝。七宝象征高尚、纯洁、坚毅、安详、富足、康健和圆满,又代表觉悟和智慧。用七宝供佛可获无量功德,但是不同经书里讲的七宝却略有不同。     

从真理立场的改变看海德格尔"存在"运思的转换

海德格尔在"真理"问题上立场之改变标志着其"存在"运思的转换,根本说来,这体现在此在(Dasein)之"此(Da)"的意义置换:<存在与时间>中,"此"意味着此在生存论诸环节的敞开;<论真理的本质>中则意味着存在之澄明.由此,海德格尔对存在问题的追问从"此在之真理"过渡到了"存在之真理",也即是从间接说及存在转移到了直接去说存在、存在的命运.     

Prosodic modulations in child-directed language and their impact on word learning

Child-directed language can support language learning, but how? We addressed two questions: (1) how caregivers prosodically modulated their speech as a function of word familiarity (known or unknown to the child) and accessibility of referent (visually present or absent from the immediate environment); (2) whether such modulations affect children's unknown word learning and vocabulary development. We used data from 38 English-speaking caregivers (from the ECOLANG corpus) talking about toys (both known and unknown to their children aged 3–4 years) both when the toys are present and when absent. We analyzed prosodic dimensions (i.e., speaking rate, pitch and intensity) of caregivers’ productions of 6529 toy labels. We found that unknown labels were spoken with significantly slower speaking rate, wider pitch and intensity range than known labels, especially in the first mentions, suggesting that caregivers adjust their prosody based on children's lexical knowledge. Moreover, caregivers used slower speaking rate and larger intensity range to mark the first mentions of toys that were physically absent. After the first mentions, they talked about the referents louder with higher mean pitch when toys were present than when toys were absent. Crucially, caregivers’ mean pitch of unknown words and the degree of mean pitch modulation for unknown words relative to known words (pitch ratio) predicted children's immediate word learning and vocabulary size 1 year later. In conclusion, caregivers modify their prosody when the learning situation is more demanding for children, and these helpful modulations assist children in word learning.

Research Highlights

• In naturalistic interactions, caregivers use slower speaking rate, wider pitch and intensity range when introducing new labels to 3–4-year-old children, especially in first mentions.
• Compared to when toys are present, caregivers speak more slowly with larger intensity range to mark the first mentions of toys that are physically absent.
• Mean pitch to mark word familiarity predicts children's immediate word learning and future vocabulary size.