Do special education recommendations differ for Asian American and White American students?

Social Psychology of Education - Asian American students are underrepresented in special education, a state of affairs that threatens their access to academic resources. We propose that student...     

坐禅与参话头

坐禅是指习禅者端身正坐,不起思虑分别,系心于某一对象,从而进入禅定之境的修行活动。释迦世尊在成道之前,先是在菩提树下端坐静思,其后又在阿踰波罗树下、目真邻陀树下、罗阇耶恒那树下各坐七天,这是佛教坐禅的开始。在佛经中,常可见佛陀及其弟子们重视修禅的记载,如《大般涅槃经》中云︰"尔时有一满罗仙人之子,……忽于中路,而见如来坐息树下,合掌问讯,却坐一面,而白佛言︰夫出家法,坐禅之业最为第一。"《分别功德论》卷二云︰"阿难便般涅槃时,诸比丘各习坐禅,不复诵习。云佛有三业,坐禅第一。     

A Gibbs sampler for the multidimensional four-parameter logistic item response model via a data augmentation scheme

The four-parameter logistic (4PL) item response model, which includes an upper asymptote for the correct response probability, has drawn increasing interest due to its suitability for many practical scenarios. This paper proposes a new Gibbs sampling algorithm for estimation of the multidimensional 4PL model based on an efficient data augmentation scheme (DAGS). With the introduction of three continuous latent variables, the full conditional distributions are tractable, allowing easy implementation of a Gibbs sampler. Simulation studies are conducted to evaluate the proposed method and several popular alternatives. An empirical data set was analysed using the 4PL model to show its improved performance over the three-parameter and two-parameter logistic models. The proposed estimation scheme is easily accessible to practitioners through the open-source IRTlogit package.     

Short‐term numerosity training promotes symbolic arithmetic in children with developmental dyscalculia: The mediating role of visual form perception

Studies have shown that numerosity‐based arithmetic training can promote arithmetic learning in typically developing children as well as children with developmental dyscalculia (DD), but the cognitive mechanism underlying this training effect remains unclear. The main aim of the current study was to examine the role of visual form perception in arithmetic improvement through an 8‐day numerosity training for DD children. Eighty DD children were selected from four Chinese primary schools. They were randomly divided into the intervention and control groups. The intervention group received training on an apple‐collecting game, whereas the control group received an English dictation task. Children's cognitive and arithmetic performances were assessed before and after training. The results showed that the intervention group showed a significant improvement in arithmetic performance, approximate number system (ANS) acuity, and visual form perception, but not in spatial processing and sentence comprehension. The control group showed no significant improvement in any cognitive ability. Mediation analysis further showed that training‐related improvement in arithmetic performance was fully mediated by the improvement in visual form perception. The results suggest that short‐term numerosity training enhances the arithmetic performance of DD children by improving their visual form perception.     

Loneliness of adult and juvenile prisoner influences on psychological affect: Mediation role of control source

Prisoners' affective education is a hot topic in criminal psychology. The lack of the social support for prisoners means that they are more prone to loneliness. The mental health status of the prisoners directly concerns their social adaptation when released. We therefore explored the relationship between loneliness, psychological affect, and control source in 201 prisoners. Prisoners completed the state and trait loneliness scale, the affectal scale, the internal control, powerful others, and chance scale. Mediation effect analysis was conducted to explore the mediation role of the control source from influence of loneliness on psychological affect. State loneliness indirectly affected positive affect through internal control factors. Trait loneliness directly affected negative affect, and trait loneliness indirectly affected negative affect through opportunity factors. Overall, this study uncovers some of the psychological mechanisms underlying emotional state in prisoners, highlights the need for effective psychological correction programmes in the prison system and provides reference for effectual ascension of prisoners out of jail.     

认真落实中央关于宗教工作的部署和要求

<正>2021年是中国共产党成立一百周年,也是江苏省佛教协会成立四十周年。此次在两个一百年的历史交汇期召开的全国宗教工作会议,更显意义非凡。江苏省佛教协会成立四十年来,在党的宗教信仰自由政策的光辉照耀下,江苏佛教界高举爱国爱教旗帜,坚持"人间佛教"思想和佛教中国化方向,凝心聚力、团结协作、砥砺奋进、不断开拓,推动江苏佛教从恢复振兴走向健康传承,创造了一段光辉的历史。就在前不久,     

同愿同行 勇担使命 深入学习贯彻习近平总书记重要讲话精神

<正>时隔五年,全国宗教工作会议再度召开,习近平总书记出席会议并发表重要讲话。在党的百年华诞以及十九届六中全会召开的背景之下,此次会议的召开意义重大,充分显示了以习近平同志为核心的党中央对宗教工作的高度重视。习总书记的重要讲话全面总结了党的十八大以来宗教工作的成绩经验,深刻回答了新时代宗教工作一系列重大理论和实践问题,系统阐述了新时代宗教工作的新思想、新理念、新战略,是马克思主义宗教观同中国具体实际相结合的最新成果,     

模糊决策的情境依赖性

实验1采用艾尔斯伯格悖论的研究范式,探究被试对模糊的厌恶倾向以及在决策过程中所采用的决策策略。结果发现：被试对确定选项和模糊选项的选择存在差异;在肯定形式下倾向于确定选项,而在否定形式下则倾向于模糊选项,采用了利益最大化策略。实验2采用艾尔斯伯格悖论的变式,通过操纵概率和任务类型,发现：模糊决策具有情境依赖性,并非任何情况下个体都厌恶模糊。当风险选项不能满足自己的需要,即获胜机率比较小时,人们会偏向模糊选项。     

实践理性和自治行为——基于"内在理由论"的分析

实践理性（practical reason）是人们通过思考而行动的能力。自治（autonomy）指的是行为者为自己的行动立法。行为者只有运用自身的理性思考才能按照自己订立的法则行动。实践理性和自治行为间的关系是一个重要的哲学问题。本文的主要观点是：自治所要求的实践理性是内在意义上的实践理性,这一实践理性要求行为者的行动符合一个建立在真信念和真实欲求基础上的“合理的思考”过程。     

大学生被接纳感与心理健康:自尊的中介功能

采用问卷法,测得339名大学生的被接纳感、自尊和心理健康水平,同时建构了变量间的结构方程模型.结果显示:(1)大学生被接纳感和自尊对以强迫、抑郁和焦虑为指标的心理健康存在抑制作用,被接纳感越低,越易引发心理问题;(2)被接纳感对心理健康的影响包括两条路径:直接抑制路径和经过自尊的中介作用路径.