Set points of positivity ratio for different levels of well‐being: A latent profile analysis

Previous studies have explored the set points of the positivity ratio by grouping according to predetermined cut‐off scores, resulting in inconsistent criteria and unstable results. This study intends to further explore the set points of the positivity ratio using latent profile analysis. Two samples of 716 college students and 381 adults in China completed the Questionnaire for Eudaimonic Well‐Being, the Personal Growth Subscale from Ryff's Psychological Well‐being Scale, the Need Satisfaction Questionnaire, and the Emotional Experience of Well‐Being Questionnaire. College students were classified into four classes (2.0, 2.8, 3.7 and 5.0) with the set points of the positivity ratio, whereas adults were classified into three classes (1.9, 2.9 and 4.2) with the set points of the positivity ratio. The difference of the set points between college students and adults was nonsignificant for medium and high well‐being classes, and significant with a small effect size for the higher well‐being class. Future research should examine more diverse samples and combine the real experience method to further explore the set points of the positivity ratio.     

贫困问题:基于心理学的视角

贫困心理学,是在心理学视角下研究贫困问题的一种新研究取向,是心理学在贫困领域的最新运用。现阶段贫困心理学研究主要集中在主观幸福感、心理健康、行为决策等三个方面。贫困文化理论、稀缺理论、自我损耗论分别从贫困文化、稀缺心态以及意志力资源视角解释了贫困产生的心理机制。在摆脱贫困过程中需要打破贫困循环,未来贫困心理学研究需要进一步探讨贫困的产生机制、神经生理机制,贫困心理学的本土化研究以及心理学在扶贫工作中的应用等。     

Bayesian SEM for Specification Search Problems in Testing Factorial Invariance

Specification search problems refer to two important but under-addressed issues in testing for factorial invariance: how to select proper reference indicators and how to locate specific non-invariant parameters. In this study, we propose a two-step procedure to solve these issues. Step 1 is to identify a proper reference indicator using the Bayesian structural equation modeling approach. An item is selected if it is associated with the highest likelihood to be invariant across groups. Step 2 is to locate specific non-invariant parameters, given that a proper reference indicator has already been selected in Step 1. A series of simulation analyses show that the proposed method performs well under a variety of data conditions, and optimal performance is observed under conditions of large magnitude of non-invariance, low proportion of non-invariance, and large sample sizes. We also provide an empirical example to demonstrate the specific procedures to implement the proposed method in applied research. The importance and influences are discussed regarding the choices of informative priors with zero mean and small variances. Extensions and limitations are also pointed out.     

Short‐term numerosity training promotes symbolic arithmetic in children with developmental dyscalculia: The mediating role of visual form perception

Studies have shown that numerosity‐based arithmetic training can promote arithmetic learning in typically developing children as well as children with developmental dyscalculia (DD), but the cognitive mechanism underlying this training effect remains unclear. The main aim of the current study was to examine the role of visual form perception in arithmetic improvement through an 8‐day numerosity training for DD children. Eighty DD children were selected from four Chinese primary schools. They were randomly divided into the intervention and control groups. The intervention group received training on an apple‐collecting game, whereas the control group received an English dictation task. Children's cognitive and arithmetic performances were assessed before and after training. The results showed that the intervention group showed a significant improvement in arithmetic performance, approximate number system (ANS) acuity, and visual form perception, but not in spatial processing and sentence comprehension. The control group showed no significant improvement in any cognitive ability. Mediation analysis further showed that training‐related improvement in arithmetic performance was fully mediated by the improvement in visual form perception. The results suggest that short‐term numerosity training enhances the arithmetic performance of DD children by improving their visual form perception.     

Loneliness of adult and juvenile prisoner influences on psychological affect: Mediation role of control source

Prisoners' affective education is a hot topic in criminal psychology. The lack of the social support for prisoners means that they are more prone to loneliness. The mental health status of the prisoners directly concerns their social adaptation when released. We therefore explored the relationship between loneliness, psychological affect, and control source in 201 prisoners. Prisoners completed the state and trait loneliness scale, the affectal scale, the internal control, powerful others, and chance scale. Mediation effect analysis was conducted to explore the mediation role of the control source from influence of loneliness on psychological affect. State loneliness indirectly affected positive affect through internal control factors. Trait loneliness directly affected negative affect, and trait loneliness indirectly affected negative affect through opportunity factors. Overall, this study uncovers some of the psychological mechanisms underlying emotional state in prisoners, highlights the need for effective psychological correction programmes in the prison system and provides reference for effectual ascension of prisoners out of jail.     

稷下学宫与吕克昂学园之比较

稷下学宫和吕克昂学园是两所处于同时代的东西方著名学校,都对后世产生了深远的影响,在东西方的历史上是具有重要地位的。本文从办学性质、办学目的与动机、治学特点、管理方式等方面对两所学府进行比较研究,进而总结两者的特色,以期对中国大学的发展得出有益的启示。     

积极开展对外宗教文化交流互鉴讲好“中国宗教故事”

<正>2021年全国宗教工作会议,在建党百年之际,立足于两个一百年历史交汇期,全面总结了宗教工作的成绩经验,深入分析了宗教工作面临的形势任务,系统阐述了新时代宗教工作的新思想、新理念、新战略,明确了坚持我国宗教中国化方向、做好新时代宗教工作的指导思想、战略目标、重点任务和政策举措。习近平总书记的重要讲话,唱响了新时代党的宗教工作动员令和集结号,特别是将新时代党的宗教工作概括为"九个必须",为我们做好宗教工作指明了方向、提供了根本遵循。     

认真落实中央关于宗教工作的部署和要求

<正>2021年是中国共产党成立一百周年,也是江苏省佛教协会成立四十周年。此次在两个一百年的历史交汇期召开的全国宗教工作会议,更显意义非凡。江苏省佛教协会成立四十年来,在党的宗教信仰自由政策的光辉照耀下,江苏佛教界高举爱国爱教旗帜,坚持"人间佛教"思想和佛教中国化方向,凝心聚力、团结协作、砥砺奋进、不断开拓,推动江苏佛教从恢复振兴走向健康传承,创造了一段光辉的历史。就在前不久,     

同愿同行 勇担使命 深入学习贯彻习近平总书记重要讲话精神

<正>时隔五年,全国宗教工作会议再度召开,习近平总书记出席会议并发表重要讲话。在党的百年华诞以及十九届六中全会召开的背景之下,此次会议的召开意义重大,充分显示了以习近平同志为核心的党中央对宗教工作的高度重视。习总书记的重要讲话全面总结了党的十八大以来宗教工作的成绩经验,深刻回答了新时代宗教工作一系列重大理论和实践问题,系统阐述了新时代宗教工作的新思想、新理念、新战略,是马克思主义宗教观同中国具体实际相结合的最新成果,     

创造性问题解决的动态神经加工模式

先前研究基于功能特化的思想, 基本完成了创造性问题解决相关的各个关键脑区的功能定位, 但并未揭示这些关键脑区在创造活动中的动态神经活动以及它们之间的相互作用关系。本研究拟从动态的功能整合的思想出发, 采用时间序列分析和有效连通性分析方法, 对语义类问题的创造性解决中的信息选择和新颖联结形成等关键子过程的大脑动态加工模式进行研究。本研究不仅能丰富并发展创造性问题解决神经基础的研究方法, 而且能够从系统的层面, 从动态信息加工的角度加深对创造性问题解决脑机制的认识, 推动其神经理论的发展。