Chronic administration of troxerutin protects mouse brain against d-galactose-induced impairment of cholinergic system

Previous evidence showed that administration of d-galactose (d-gal) increased ROS production and resulted in impairment of cholinergic system. Troxerutin, a natural bioflavonoid, has been reported to have many benefits and medicinal properties. In this study, we evaluated the protective effect of troxerutin against d-gal-induced impairment of cholinergic system, and explored the potential mechanism of its action. Our results displayed that troxerutin administration significantly improved behavioral performance of d-gal-treated mice in step-through test and morris water maze task. One of the potential mechanisms of this action was decreased AGEs, ROS and protein carbonyl levels in the basal forebrain, hippocampus and front cortex of d-gal-treated mice. Furthermore, our results also showed that troxerutin significantly inhibited cholinesterase (AchE) activity, increased the expression of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor alpha 7 (nAchRα7) and enhanced interactions between nAchRα7 and either postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD95) or N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors subunit 1 (NMDAR1) in the basal forebrain, hippocampus and front cortex of d-gal-treated mice, which could help restore impairment of brain function.     

Fumerton's Puzzle for Theories of Rationality

Richard Foley has presented a puzzle purporting to show that all attempts in trying to find a sufficient condition of rationality are doomed. The puzzle rests on two plausible assumptions. The first is a level-connecting principle: if one rationally believes that one's belief that p is irrational, then one's belief that p is irrational. The second is a claim about a structural feature shared by all promising sufficient conditions of rationality: for any such condition, it is possible that one's belief satisfies it and yet one rationally believes that it doesn’t. With the two assumptions, Foley argues that a sufficient condition of rationality is impossible. I explain how exactly the puzzle goes and I try to offer a solution. If my solution works, all theorists of rationality who accept certain level-connecting principles need to add an extra condition to their favourite rationality-making condition.     

Perceiving Multiple Affordances for Objects

Researchers (Gilden &; Proffitt, 1989; Runeson &; Vedeler, 1993; Todd &; Warren, 1982) have tested Runeson's (1977) claim that the relation between a collision . . event's dynamics and kinematics might support perception of the relative mass of colliding objects. Results have been inconsistent; however, these studies employed computer-generated collisions as stimuli. The present research assessed observer's ability to report relative mass in the context of physical objects involved in physical collisions. The results indicate greater sensitivity to relative mass than had been found with animations-based studies. Implications of these data for the kinematic specification of dynamics (KSD) principle of dynamics perception (Runeson &; Frykholm, 1983) and a cue-heuristics theory of dynamics perception (Gilden &; Proffitt, 1989) are discussed.     

头部朝向在社会性注意转移中的作用

注视指向是非常重要的社会性注意线索,但是在日常情境中,注视指向往往伴随着头部朝向信息,而且两者都包含空间指向信息.已有研究发现头部朝向会影响注视指向知觉的速度和准确性,为注视指向提供参照系,进而会影响注视指向诱发的社会性注意.头部朝向和注视指向加工的神经机制也存在着广泛的重合.因此,除眼睛注视以外,头部朝向也是建构和完善基于心理模型的社会性注意机制的一个关键因素.未来的研究应关注头部朝向与眼睛注视指向共同影响注意转移的作用机制,并且从功能整合的角度开展神经机制研究.     

α系数的区间估计方法比较

多数情况下,α系数可以用来评价测验信度。诸多研究建议,在报告测验信度的时候应当包括其置信区间。通过蒙特卡洛模拟研究,比较了7种α系数区间估计方法,包括Fisher法、Bonett-02法、Bonett-10法、精确Koning-Franses法、渐近ID法、渐近Koning-Franses法和ADF法。结果发现Bonett-10法和精确Koning-Franses法较好,它们的结果相差很小。这两种方法都比较简单,只需要样本的α值、测验题数、被试人数及F临界值,通过简单的运算便可得到α系数的置信区间。     

旧唯物主义视域中的人的存在与马克思的超越——解读《神圣家族》的哲学史论评

马克思在<神圣家族>中,专门列出一节系统考察唯物主义的发展史,对唯物主义的不同历史形态关于人的存在的观点进行评论.这一评论标志着马克思在历史观的核心问题上开始超越旧唯物主义.在马克思创立唯物史观过程中,它具有特殊的重要性.本文试图解释马克思的唯物主义哲学史评论,以重现这种特殊重要性.     

Parenting styles and learned resourcefulness of Turkish adolescents

This study investigated the differences among 834 high school students regarding learned resourcefulness in terms of perceived parenting style and gender. The data were gathered by administering the Parenting Style Inventory (PSI) and Rosenbaum's Self-Control Schedule (SCS). The results of ANOVA pertaining to the scores of learned resourcefulness yielded a significant main effect for parenting style groups. Neither the main effect for gender nor the gender and parenting style interaction effect was significant. The findings suggest that those who perceived their parents as authoritative had a relatively high level of learned resourcefulness as compared to those who perceived their parents as neglectful and authoritarian. Findings also indicated that those who perceived their parents as indulgent had a higher level of learned resourcefulness than those who perceived their parents as neglectful and authoritarian.     

初中生英语自我效能感与知觉到的教师期望、英语成绩的关系

研究主要考察初中生英语自我效能感、知觉到的教师期望与英语成绩的关系.探索性和验证性因素分析结果表明,初中生英语自我效能感包括学科能力感、目标自信感、挫折效能感和策略使用感四个维度.研究得出高成绩组学生的英语自我效能感及知觉到的教师期望显著高于低成绩组学生;英语自我效能感具有显著的性别差异、年级差异与学校类型差异;年级、学校类型、英语自我效能感中的能力因子与挫折因子及知觉到的教师期望中的态度因子是英语成绩的显著预测变量.     

大学生生涯成熟状况及与自我同一性关系研究

"职业生涯规划"教育在各高校受到极大关注,但辅导成效甚微,缺少实证研究、缺乏针对性是其深入拓展的障碍.本研究采用自编的<生涯成熟度量表>,测查大学生生涯成熟特点及与自我同一性关系,结果表明:大学生生涯发展的总体水平不是很高;受性别、年级、父母期望、兼职经验等因素影响;不同自我同一性地位大学生的生涯成熟状况存在差异.