A cross-culturally standardized set of pictures for younger and older adults: American and Chinese norms for name agreement,concept agreement,and familiarity

The present study presents normative measures for 260 line drawings of everyday objects, found in Snodgrass and Vanderwart (1980), viewed by individuals in China and the United States. Within each cultural group, name agreement, concept agreement, and familiarity measures were obtained separately for younger adults and older adults. For a subset of 57 pictures (22%), there was equivalence in both name agreement and concept agreement, and for an additional subset of 29 pictures (11%), there was nonequivalent name agreement but equivalent concept agreement, across all culture-by-age groups. The data indicate substantial differences across culture-by-age groups in name agreement percentages and number of distinct name responses provided. We discovered significant differences between older and younger American adults in both name agreement percentages (67 pictures, or 26%) and concept agreement percentages (44 pictures, or 17%). Written naming responses collected for the entire set of Snodgrass and Vanderwart pictures showed shifts in both naming and concept agreement percentages over the intervening decades: Although correlations in name agreement were strong (r = .71,p < .001) between our younger American samples and those of Snodgrass and Vanderwart, name agreement percentages have changed for a substantial proportion (33%) of the 260 pictures; moreover, 63% of the stimuli for which Snodgrass and Vanderwart reported concept agreement now appear to differ. We provide comprehensive comparison statistics and tests for both the present study and prior ones, finding differences across numerous item-level measures. The corpus of data suggests that substantial differences in all measures can be found across age as well as culture, so that unequivocal conclusions with respect to cross-cultural or age-related differences in cognition can be made only when appropriate stimuli are selected for studies. Data for all 260 pictures, for each of the four groups, and all supporting materials and tests are freely archived athttp://agingmind.cns.uiuc.edu/Pict Norms. The full set of these norms may be downloaded fromwwwpsychonomic.org/archive/.     

Indirect Effects of Overparenting and Family Communication Patterns on Mental Health of Emerging Adults in China and the United States

Journal of Adult Development - According to self-determination theory, the satisfaction of basic psychological needs (i.e., autonomy, competence, relatedness) is essential for human mental health...     

从“优死”观谈合格的全科医师

随着医学模式的转变,公众的生活方式及需求发生了重大变化.建设和谐社会不仅要重视“优生”,更要重视“优死”.全科医师制度的建立,给这一理念注入了生机.人们逐渐意识到:医学的最高境界不是阻止和延缓死亡,而是给死亡以宁静和尊严.全面了解公众的需求,不但要技术全面,还要崇尚人文精神,懂得法律法规,才能成为合格的全科医师.     

大学生安全感对手机成瘾的影响:回避现实社交的中介作用

为有效预防和干预大学生的手机成瘾，本研究在失补偿假说的视角下探讨了安全感与手机依赖的关系，并检验现实社交回避在手机成瘾者和一般手机使用者中的中介作用。对420名在校大学生进行安全感量表、社交回避与苦恼量表、手机成瘾指数量表调查，结果发现此次调查中49.8%的大学生被界定为手机成瘾者，手机成瘾者的安全感显著低于一般手机使用者。手机成瘾者和一般手机使用者的安全感都显著负向预测手机依赖；但回避现实社交的中介效应只在手机成瘾者的安全感与手机依赖中显著，在一般手机使用者中不显著。本研究揭示了回避现实社交在手机成瘾者的安全感与手机依赖中的独特作用机制，为失补偿假说提供了实证支持，并为手机成瘾行为治疗开展安全感和社交干预提供了心理学依据。     

网络成瘾大学生对眼部情绪线索识别的研究

在网络飞速发展的现代社会,网络成瘾问题也随之引起社会的高度注意,当今大学生日渐成为网络成瘾的高发人群,一些特定的问题如社交焦虑、幸福感缺失、人际关系紧张等接踵而至。本文旨在通过对眼部情绪图片的识别来对网络成瘾大学生的社交特点进行研究。运用问卷法确定了60名被试组成实验组和对照组,再分别对其进行用DMDX软件编程的眼部情绪线索识别的心理实验。在尽力控制无关变量的影响下,经过数据分析,得出以下结论:网络成瘾大学生与非成瘾大学生对眼部情绪图片识别的正确率和平均正确反应时不存在显著性差异;网络成瘾大学生与非成瘾大学生对正性、中性和负性眼部情绪图片识别的反应时和正确率不存在显著性差异。