子宫内膜异位症导致不孕机理探讨

近年来的研究表明了EMT和不孕之间存在较强的相关性,但是两者之间的因果关系和发病机制目前仍存在争议.本文对子宫内膜异位症与不孕之间机理探讨是从分析和综合相结合的认识方法来达到掌握两者关系的本质及其规律性的目的.遵循这样科学的发展战略才能更有利于人类医学领域的繁荣发展.     

Bootstrap探索性因素分析方法及其应用

传统的探索性因素分析方法需要满足正态分布等前提假设,且无法提供研究结果可重复性的证据.而Bootstrap探索性因素分析方法不必满足正态分布的前提假设,利用已有的测试数据,以评估探索性因素分析的可靠性.Bootstrap探索性因素分析方法作为传统的探索性因素分析方法的有力补充,克服了其未提供研究结果可重复性的不足,为心理学研究者特别是量表编制者提升研究结果的社会应用价值及可靠性提供了统计方法学上的支持.     

熟练双语者负性情绪干扰下的认知优势效应:来自2-back的证据

熟练双语者在空间工作记忆中存在认知优势,但是在负性情绪干扰下熟练双语者在空间工作记忆中是否存在认知优势尚不清楚。空间工作记忆和负性情绪均以大脑右半球为优势脑区,加工效能理论认为空间工作记忆和负性情绪的加工使用同样的认知资源。研究采用情绪空间2-back任务,探究在负性情绪刺激干扰下的空间工作记忆任务中熟练双语者是否存在认知优势。结果表明,熟练双语者在该任务中表现出比非熟练双语者更高的正确率和更短的反应时。这一结果说明,尽管存在负性情绪刺激的干扰,相比非熟练双语者,熟练双语者在空间工作记忆中仍然表现出了认知优势。     

Leadership and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: OCB-Specific Meanings as Mediators

Purpose  

This study seeks to examine how perceived organizational instrumentality (the extent to which employees believe that OCB contributes to the functionality and effectiveness of their work unit or organization) and perceived individual instrumentality (the extent to which employees believe that OCB is important to their own interests) relate to employee engagement in OCB and how these perceptions mediate the effects of leadership on OCB.     

Deposition-rate dependence of granular size distribution in Cu aggregate on liquid substrate studied by atomic force microscopy

In this article, we report an atomic force microscopy study on the microstructure and the deposition-rate dependence of granular size distribution in copper (Cu) ramified aggregates on a liquid substrate. This study shows that the ramified Cu aggregates are composed of Gaussian size distribution granules, which form immediately after the Cu atoms are deposited. The interesting phenomenon is that the mean diameter Φ_m of the granules exponentially decays and approaches a stable value Φ_c with an increase in the deposition rate f. The granular mean diameter Φ_m slightly changes with the time interval Δt during which the film is kept in the vacuum chamber, owing to the large diffusion coefficient of the Cu granules on the liquid substrates. The experimental behavior strongly depends on the properties of the liquid substrate.     

Reading Ability as a Predictor of Academic Procrastination Among African American Graduate Students

The present study examined the relationship between reading ability (i.e., reading comprehension and reading vocabulary) and academic procrastination among 120 African American graduate students. A canonical correlation analysis revealed statistically significant and practically significant multivariate relationships between these two reading ability variables and graduate students' levels of academic procrastination. Specifically, the first canonical correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant and practically significant multivariate relationship between reading ability and academic procrastination resulting from fear of failure. The second canonical correlation analysis revealed a statistically significant and practically significant multivariate relationship between reading ability and academic procrastination associated with writing a term paper, performing administrative tasks, attending meetings, keeping up with weekly reading assignments, and, most notably, performing academic tasks. Implications are discussed in the context of designing and implementing strategies designed to improve African American student performance and instruction in graduate-level courses.     

语义的自动加工和选择性注意对Stroop效应的影响

本实验用正常人和聋哑人作被试进行比较,试图探讨语义的自动加工和选择性注意对Stroop效应的影响。将“红”“绿”“黄”“蓝”四个汉字中的每一个都用这四种颜色中的三种写成,然后按着事先排列好的顺序,分组呈现,并且在两种条件下分别要求被试延迟不同的时间进行反应,一种是刺激呈现前就告诉被试对“字”或“色”反应;另一种是刺激呈现后间隔不同的时间再向被试提出对“字”或“色”反应。实验结果发现,聋哑人和正常人在色—字干扰任务作业上没有明显的差异,说明语义的自动加工是一个普遍现象;而选择性注意能在很大的程度上改善被试的作业成绩,但颜色命名仍比字词反应困难;Stroop效应在延迟反应条件下发生变化,这种变化说明Stroop效应与记忆过程有联系。     

不同认知作业年老化特点的比较研究

本工作应用自行设计的软件程序和微机人机对话方式,完成六项认知作业的年老化特点的比较研究,被试506人,46—75岁。研究结果表明:1)“心算”和“符号数字”两项作业完成速度随年老迅速减慢,但测验成绩随年老缓慢降低,速度变化是该两项作业年老化过程的主要特点;2)“数字鉴别”和“计数”两项作业完成速度随年老减慢较缓;3)“双位数字顺序回忆”和“无意义图形再认”两项作业测验成绩随年老下降迅速,但前者更为明显;4)速度和成绩两项指标的个体差异均随年老有增大趋向。     

明视条件下人眼对低频间断光的亮度感觉

本实验是以异色亮度匹配方法,探索视觉系统对在明视觉水平上的低频、不同时间调制的单色光和白光的亮度感觉特性。结果发现,闪光刺激在临界频率以上作用于视觉系统所产生的亮度感觉是遵循塔耳玻特-普拉托定律。而对在临界频率以下亮暗比为4/1的间断单色光刺激所需的周期平均亮度低于恒定单色光所需的亮度幅度,这表明塔耳玻特(Talbort)定律不适用于低频、高亮暗比的间断单色光。仅适用于间断单色光刺激的亮暗比低于1,波长为650纳米的间断单色光。     

单眼和双眼特定的McCollough效应及倾斜后效的消退过程

每个被试对互补的联合方位的图形适应后均产生单眼特定和双眼特定的McCollough效应。双眼的起始强度大于单眼的起始强度。单眼和双眼的McCollough效应的消退速度基本相同。在自然视觉条件下McCollough效应消退快,在完全黑暗的条件下没有明显的消退。说明导致McCollough效应恢复平衡的主要因素不是自发的过程,而与网膜刺激有关。倾斜知觉后效的消退在上述两种实验条件下没有明显的差别,因此可推测倾斜知觉后效的消退主要是神经疲劳的一个自发的恢复过程。