人类视觉系统获取颜色恒常性的认知操作特性

以光度测量为基础,采用心理物理学方法,探讨人类视觉系统获取颜色常性的认知特性。共进行了两个实验。实验一,探讨颜色对比对获取颜色常性的认知操作过程的作用。结果发现,视觉系统可根据已适应了的对比参照作用,而校正（或补偿）由于外界照明变化而引起的物理色度变化。实验二,探讨视觉经验对人类视觉系统获取颜色常性的作用。结果发现,颜色常性不仅是一种视觉低层次、自动完成的补偿,而且涉及高层次的意识活动。     

市场元认知和市场社会智力

对市场元认知和市场社会智力的研究正在成为消费者行为研究的新趋势之一。该文首先简要介绍了市场元认知和市场社会智力的概念及其发展背景;其次解释了市场元认知和市场社会智力的终身发展性和情境特定性;然后介绍了这方面研究的应用和新进展,同时阐述了其对研究思路及方法的指导作用;最后评价了这一发展趋势,并展望了其对中国消费心理学的影响。     

一般流体智力研究中工作记忆与注意的关系

随着对一般流体智力的研究逐步深入,研究者们认为了解工作记忆与注意的相互关系是解决一般流体智力与前二者结构关系的关键。由于工作记忆系统中中央执行器的功能尚不明确,注意控制能力与工作记忆的关系难以确定。研究者中存在两种不同的观点：一种认为两者之间存在着密切的互动,另一种则认为两者就是同功同构的一个认知成分。     

螺旋CT双期增强薄层扫描对小胰腺癌诊断的研究

为了研究螺旋CT胰腺期、肝脏期双期增强薄层扫描在小胰腺癌早期诊断中的作用,对25例小胰腺癌患者行螺旋CT双期增强扫描,结果显示,两组观察结果经统计学处理有显著性差异,螺旋CT动态增强薄层2mm扫描比5mm扫描可明显提高小胰腺癌和微胰腺癌的检出率,对小胰腺癌的早期诊断有重要的临床价值。肝脏期扫描为临床确定肿瘤是否能够手术切除提供科学依据。     

社会文化震荡中幽默应对的机制

应对社会文化震荡需要社会性的宏观策略,更需要适宜的微观策略--个体的自我调节策略.幽默感本质上是认知、情绪、行为、心理和社会等各方面的整合.幽默感的本质决定了幽默对个体从接受刺激到做出反应的各个环节都具有调节作用,能满足社会文化震荡中个体超越各种障碍时的心理调节需要和行为需要.本文通过介绍国外的研究成果,阐释了幽默作用于社会文化震荡的四个机制:认知中心机制、情绪中心机制、问题中心机制和结果接受机制.     

A cross-culturally standardized set of pictures for younger and older adults: American and Chinese norms for name agreement,concept agreement,and familiarity

The present study presents normative measures for 260 line drawings of everyday objects, found in Snodgrass and Vanderwart (1980), viewed by individuals in China and the United States. Within each cultural group, name agreement, concept agreement, and familiarity measures were obtained separately for younger adults and older adults. For a subset of 57 pictures (22%), there was equivalence in both name agreement and concept agreement, and for an additional subset of 29 pictures (11%), there was nonequivalent name agreement but equivalent concept agreement, across all culture-by-age groups. The data indicate substantial differences across culture-by-age groups in name agreement percentages and number of distinct name responses provided. We discovered significant differences between older and younger American adults in both name agreement percentages (67 pictures, or 26%) and concept agreement percentages (44 pictures, or 17%). Written naming responses collected for the entire set of Snodgrass and Vanderwart pictures showed shifts in both naming and concept agreement percentages over the intervening decades: Although correlations in name agreement were strong (r = .71,p < .001) between our younger American samples and those of Snodgrass and Vanderwart, name agreement percentages have changed for a substantial proportion (33%) of the 260 pictures; moreover, 63% of the stimuli for which Snodgrass and Vanderwart reported concept agreement now appear to differ. We provide comprehensive comparison statistics and tests for both the present study and prior ones, finding differences across numerous item-level measures. The corpus of data suggests that substantial differences in all measures can be found across age as well as culture, so that unequivocal conclusions with respect to cross-cultural or age-related differences in cognition can be made only when appropriate stimuli are selected for studies. Data for all 260 pictures, for each of the four groups, and all supporting materials and tests are freely archived athttp://agingmind.cns.uiuc.edu/Pict Norms. The full set of these norms may be downloaded fromwwwpsychonomic.org/archive/.     

年老过程认知作业完成量与作业速度相互关系的研究

本工作应用自行设计的计算机逐级限速程序,研究了年老过程四项认知作业完成量与作业速度的相互关系。被试350人,46—75岁。研究结果表明:1、随着计算机所限时间的缩短,各项作业完成量均随年老下降迅速,作业完成量对于作业速度的依存关系随年老表现极为明显;2、在逐级限速条件下,四项认知作业完成量的年老敏感性顺序与作业速度的年老敏感性顺序基本相同,即是:符号数字、心算、计数和数字鉴别。     

子宫内膜异位症导致不孕机理探讨

近年来的研究表明了EMT和不孕之间存在较强的相关性,但是两者之间的因果关系和发病机制目前仍存在争议。本文对子宫内膜异位症与不孕之间机理探讨是从分析和综合相结合的认识方法来达到掌握两者关系的本质及其规律性的目的。遵循这样科学的发展战略才能更有利于人类医学领域的繁荣发展。     

Lay rationalism and inconsistency between predicted experience and decision

Decision‐makers are sometimes depicted as impulsive and overly influenced by ‘hot’, affective factors. The present research suggests that decision‐makers may be too ‘cold’ and overly focus on rationalistic attributes, such as economic values, quantitative specifications, and functions. In support of this proposition, we find a systematic inconsistency between predicted experience and decision. That is, people are more likely to favor a rationalistically‐superior option when they make a decision than when they predict experience. We discuss how this work contributes to research on predicted and decision utilities; we also discuss when decision‐makers overweight hot factors and when they overweight cold factors. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

拥挤感启动对威胁性表情识别知觉敏感性的影响

为了考察拥挤感启动对威胁性面部表情识别的影响,以28名大学生为被试,进行不同拥挤启动条件下的愤怒-中性和恐惧-中性表情识别任务。信号检测论分析发现,拥挤感启动降低了愤怒表情识别的辨别力,不影响其判断标准,也不影响恐惧表情识别的辨别力和判断标准;主观报告的愤怒表情强度在拥挤感启动条件下显著高于非拥挤条件,恐惧、中性表情强度则不受拥挤感启动的影响。结果表明,拥挤感启动使人们辨别愤怒表情的知觉敏感性下降。